Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Multisensory Processing as a Concurrent Contributor to Cognitive and Language Development in School-Aged Children (A Bayesian Approach)(La Trobe University, 2024-04-24) Alhamdan, Areej; Crewther, Sheila; Murphy, MelanieMultisensory processing is fundamental to survival of higher animals, humans included. Rapid and successful integration of visual and auditory information in the brain is necessary to ensure comprehensive understanding of the environment and facilitation of motor responses. Indeed, visual and auditory multisensory processing when measured as Motor Reaction Times (MRTs) in adults has long been known to enhance accuracy and speed of responses, though few have considered how development of motor function per se influences age-related increase in multisensory MRTs and contributes to various cognitive abilities, including working memory (WM), intelligence and language development in primary school children. Thus, the current thesis employed a Bayesian approach to meta-analyze literature up to mid- 2023 to test the association between both motor and verbal measures of multisensory processing and WM development, while also showing that multisensory stimuli contributed more significantly to WM capacity than unisensory visual or auditory stimuli alone. The three experimental studies presented in this thesis employed a simple multisensory MRT task, to explore the interaction of motor development and cognitive abilities in children aged 5-10 years. The first study aimed to examine developmental changes in multisensory MRTs, visuomotor responses and non-motor visual Inspection threshold Time tasks in school children to highlight the more significant contributions of age to motor than sensory function. The second study aimed to investigate the development of visual and auditory WM and visually based nonverbal intelligence, and their relationship to multisensory and visuomotor tasks. Our findings demonstrated that age-related performance on nonverbal intelligence and visual rather than auditory WM were the strongest unique predictors of multisensory MRTs. The final study investigated the association between multisensory and visuomotor processing and the development of receptive and expressive vocabulary abilities, and showed that children with faster MRTs in multisensory and visuomotor processing tasks demonstrated higher complex expressive vocabulary scores (as opposed to simple receptive vocabulary). Overall, the findings of this thesis highlight the interaction of motor development and cognitive abilities and demonstrate that simple, fast, and easily accessible assessment measures of multisensory processing, visuomotor coordination, and nonverbal intelligence as measures of both on-going developmental and neurodevelopmental status in school children.30 0Item Restricted To What Extent Were US Intelligence Failures at Pearl Harbor and the Vietnam War a Result of Cultural Bias in Intelligence Analysis ?(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-09-05) AlSaud, Faisal; Wagner, StevenPearl Harbor and many aspects of the Vietnam War have been widely acknowledged as being riddled with intelligence failures on behalf of the US intelligence and military community. Yet, the role of cultural bias in these events has been underestimated. This study uses primary and secondary sources to argue that in both cases, the intelligence community miscalculated the enemy’s intentions and failed to provide an accurate cultural assessment of the situation, which led to poor strategic decisions. Cultural superiority, arrogance, Orientalism, mirror-imaging, and other characteristics of the intelligence community culture played a significant role in this intelligence miscalculation. Moreover, the dissertation reveals that no major changes have been made to eliminate or at least minimize pervasive cultural bias in the American intelligence agencies, despite gradual recognition of its role within the intelligence community.18 0Item Open Access TOWARDS A TRANSDISCIPLINARY CYBER FORENSICS GEO-CONTEXTUALIZATION FRAMEWORK(Purdue University Graduate School, 2023-08-04) Mirza, Mohammad Meraj; Karabiyik, UmitTechnological advances have a profound impact on people and the world in which they live. People use a wide range of smart devices, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), smartphones, and wearable devices, on a regular basis, all of which store and use location data. With this explosion of technology, these devices have been playing an essential role in digital forensics and crime investigations. Digital forensic professionals have become more able to acquire and assess various types of data and locations; therefore, location data has become essential for responders, practitioners, and digital investigators dealing with digital forensic cases that rely heavily on digital devices that collect data about their users. It is very beneficial and critical when performing any digital/cyber forensic investigation to consider answering the six Ws questions (i.e., who, what, when, where, why, and how) by using location data recovered from digital devices, such as where the suspect was at the time of the crime or the deviant act. Therefore, they could convict a suspect or help prove their innocence. However, many digital forensic standards, guidelines, tools, and even the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cyber Security Personnel Framework (NICE) lack full coverage of what location data can be, how to use such data effectively, and how to perform spatial analysis. Although current digital forensic frameworks recognize the importance of location data, only a limited number of data sources (e.g., GPS) are considered sources of location in these digital forensic frameworks. Moreover, most digital forensic frameworks and tools have yet to introduce geo-contextualization techniques and spatial analysis into the digital forensic process, which may aid digital forensic investigations and provide more information for decision-making. As a result, significant gaps in the digital forensics community are still influenced by a lack of understanding of how to properly curate geodata. Therefore, this research was conducted to develop a transdisciplinary framework to deal with the limitations of previous work and explore opportunities to deal with geodata recovered from digital evidence by improving the way of maintaining geodata and getting the best value from them using an iPhone case study. The findings of this study demonstrated the potential value of geodata in digital disciplinary investigations when using the created transdisciplinary framework. Moreover, the findings discuss the implications for digital spatial analytical techniques and multi-intelligence domains, including location intelligence and open-source intelligence, that aid investigators and generate an exceptional understanding of device users' spatial, temporal, and spatial-temporal patterns.38 0