Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Embargo Satisfaction and Experiences of Saudi Parents in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Mixed Methods Study(Florida Atlantic University, 2024-09) Alroyley, Eftkhar; Chiang-Hanisko, LennyThe Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is an inherently stressful environment for parents, where their satisfaction is a critical indicator of the quality of care provided. However, limited research has explored the satisfaction levels of Saudi fathers and mothers in the NICU, which are influenced by Islamic cultural values, family dynamics, and societal norms. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed to explore the differences between Saudi fathers and mothers by integrating quantitative data on satisfaction with qualitative insights from NICU parental experiences of satisfaction through the lens of Leininger’s Culture Care Theory (CCT). Quantitative data were collected through a cross-sectional descriptive correlation design using the Critical Care Family Satisfaction Survey (CCFSS), adapted for the Saudi context. Qualitative data were gathered through an ethnonursing design involving participant observations and semi-structured individual interviews. The study included 75 parents (34 fathers and 41 mothers) from King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Quantitative data were analyzed using independent t-tests, while qualitative data (25 observations and 22 interviews) were analyzed according to Leininger’s four phases of the Data Analysis Enabler. The mixed-methods analysis employed a side-by-side comparison to present both findings in a parallel format. The quantitative findings revealed that both Saudi fathers and mothers reported high satisfaction levels with the care their infants received in the NICUs. However, Saudi fathers reported slightly higher satisfaction than mothers across the total score and all five subscales of the CCFSS, which include assurance, proximity, information, and support. A significant difference was observed only in the comfort subscale (p = 0.002), where fathers reported higher satisfaction. From the qualitative data, six major themes were identified: (a) emphasizing parental active engagement in NICU care, (b) addressing parental cultural considerations in NICUs, (c) integrating Islamic practices into NICU care, (d) cultivating collaborative partnerships between parents and NICU staff, (e) facing unexpected challenges during their infant's NICU stay, and (f) applying coping mechanisms to overcome NICU parental challenges. The mixed-methods findings showed that the roles of Saudi fathers and mothers in the NICU, shaped by social, cultural, and religious norms, significantly impacted their satisfaction. Convergence was found in total satisfaction, assurance, and comfort, while divergence occurred in proximity, information, and support. The findings of this study have important implications for NICU care in Saudi Arabia, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive, family-centered practices that integrate Islamic values, actively involve both parents in their infant’s care, and address the emotional and practical needs of fathers and mothers to enhance their overall satisfaction and well-being during their NICU experience.10 0Item Restricted Exploring the Influence of Culture on the Ability–Motivation– Opportunity Framework to Enhance Employee Performance: A Case Study of Performance in Islamic Banks of Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-09) Alharethi, Ali Saleh; Klikauer, ThomasCulture is a vital component of society, and it influences all people regardless of their status— poor, rich, working, or non-working. This study focuses on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and employee ability, motivation, and opportunity (AMO). This thesis explores the influence of culture on the AMO framework in relation to how it can enhance employee performance. The two research questions concentrate on determining the influence of cultural dimensions on the AMO framework, and the second emphasises how culture and AMO can enhance employee performance. The research design uses a qualitative method approach. The research was exploratory, involving 35 semi-structured interviews with Islamic banking employees working in different positions. Their opinion was sought on whether cultural dimensions affect employee performance along with the collective effect of the AMO framework in Saudi Arabia’s Islamic banking sector. The analysis was performed in two stages to determine the desired results. At first, researcher conducted a self-assessment analysis of all recorded interviews and extracted themes and sub- themes from the recorded interviews. The self-assessment findings revealed that all of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions affected employee AMO. They also affected employee performance positively according to the cultural pattern of the country, such as collectivism/individualism, indulgence/restraint, short-term/long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance, and femininity/masculinity. But there was no significant evidence for power distance. In the second analysis stage, thematic analysis was conducted by using NVivo-12 to confirm the results of the self-assessment analysis. Researcher applied the most suitable techniques, including a word tag cloud, codes compared by the numbers of coding references, items clustered by word similarity, and tree map analysis. Overall, the results confirmed that power distance had no influence on the overall performance of employees. Otherwise, all of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions positively affected the AMO framework and enhanced employee performance. The primary contribution arising from this study supports the claim that cultural dimensions are a useful theory to understand how employee AMO enhance performance. The second contribution relates to the changing cultural aspects of Saudi Arabia that negate the influence viii of power distance on employee performance. Only a handful of studies (e.g. Applebaum et al. 2000; Elbaz et al. 2018; Heriyanto et al. 2018; Hughes 2006; Obeidat et al. 2016; Van Waeyenberg & Decramer 2018) have examined the effect of cultural factors on employee performance in other cultural settings. However, none examine employee AMO in the context of Saudi Arabian Islamic culture and the Islamic banking sector. Therefore, the third theoretical contribution of this study is the provision of guidelines for future researchers who might be interested in conducting cultural research. Fourthly, the findings of this study suggest that self- assessment of the influence of AMO on employee performance should not just be limited to ability, motivation and opportunity. An accurate value for enhancing employee performance may only be realised if the influence on all levels of employees in the banking sector is also considered.39 0Item Restricted The Veil and its Representation in the Work of Three Contemporary Women Artists of the Middle East(2015-07-12) Qirwan, Hind; O'meara, SimonThis study is focused on investigating the notion of veiling in Islamic culture and how it is connected to women. The suggested contextualising will extend to examining the prescriptive veil in Saudi Arabia and Iran to further theorise the political and social impacts arising from the practice of veiling. Drawing on some selected sources within Orientalism and ranging from the colonial era up to contemporary times, the study demonstrates how the veil became an icon. It also explains how veiling became the framework in which the woman’s image is represented. The different approaches used by female artists discussed in this study highlight the complexity of the veil as a signifier in contemporary art. Discussions on the artwork illustrate how artists’ definitions of the veil are not consistent with the conservative society in which they live. The artists used the veil to signify multi-layered messages that questioned women’s identity in the light of the social and political perceptions of what a woman should be. Despite the artists’ involvement in that dialogue, their criticisms remained far from provocative or transgressive. Ultimately, the study offers a framework that allows an objective visual interpretation of the veil as a signifier by contextualising its representation in contemporary art within its original culture.17 0