Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Interior Design Factors and Energy E ciency in Residential Apartments: A Simulation-based Analysis using IES-VE. Case Study: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia(University of Reading, 2024-09-26) Binzain, Afnan; Essah, Emmanuel; Jones, RoryThis study offers a comprehensive analysis of how interior design factors contribute to the energy efficiency of residential buildings in Jeddah. The motivation behind this research stems from two factors: the increasing energy demand driven by population growth and climate change challenges, and the need for proactive measures to reduce energy consumption in residential buildings. Despite its importance, particularly during the use phase, the role of interior design in energy efficiency is rarely addressed in the literature. Four standard apartments were selected as case studies, all located in the same seven-story building. The objective of this research is to evaluate how interior design parameters—specifically artificial lighting, daylight exposure, and color choices—impact energy efficiency. This analysis is conducted using detailed architectural modeling and simulation with IES-VE software. The results of this study show that incorporating the following interior design factors can lead to significant energy savings: (1) optimizing the quantity, quality, and distribution of artificial lighting, (2) ensuring sufficient daylight illuminance with the use of double-glazed windows and shading devices, and (3) choosing high reflectance color schemes. Implementing these strategies can reduce lighting energy consumption by 23 percent, and total energy consumption by 3.4 percent to 4.6 percent annually. However, these results depend on maintaining sufficient space between buildings to allow for adequate daylight, which may require policy consideration. Therefore, one of the key recommendations of this paper is to make real estate developers aware of the importance of interior design features during the design and construction phases. Additionally, ensuring appropriate building distances in new districts is crucial to optimize daylight use and foster a more sustainable environment .21 0Item Restricted Cultural Echoes in Stone & Concrete: A Journey Through Time and Architecture in Historic Jeddah’s Al-Balad(University of Westminster, 2024-01-10) Siraj, Talah Wabil; Bremner, LindsayLocated in the western region of the Arabian Peninsula on the Eastern coast of the Red Sea, my hometown, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, has been a significant part in connecting extensive trading networks for centuries. Serving as the gateway to the holy cities of Mecca and Madinah, it is a harbour for Muslim pilgrims from around the world. Over time, it became a melting pot of different cultures and ethnicities, which shaped every aspect of the local lifestyle. Jeddah’s geographic location also unquestionably influenced its architecture in several ways; climatically, religiously, and culturally. The town’s architectural designs, building materials, traditions, and lifestyle were all in response to its context. The beautiful traditional houses were constructed using old building methods, with a combination of local and imported materials. The buildings functioned adequately to suit and serve the local lifestyle before the unification of the kingdom, and the discovery of oil, electricity, and concrete. Those pivotal historical events that took place in the 1930s marked the beginning of a transformative phase for Jeddah. The traditional construction methods and lifestyle were left in the past as Jeddah went through a stage of modern development. New buildings lacked cultural identity as a result of modernism and carbon energy. This dissertation is an autoethnographic study of the history of Jeddah’s old town of Al-Balad from both a technical and lifestyle perspective. Leveraging personal connections to the subject, I was able to visit the old town and acquire authentic information and material from primary sources, which helped me picture and analyse life in Al-Balad more vividly. This paper carries out an in-depth exploration of Jeddah’s history while examining the link between architecture and lifestyle in response to its diverse context, and the reasons why the traditional way of living was abandoned.19 0Item Restricted Cultural Echoes in Stone & Concrete(University of Westminster, 2024-01-10) Siraj, Talah Wabil; Bremner, LindsayLocated in the western region of the Arabian Peninsula on the Eastern coast of the Red Sea, my hometown, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, has been a significant part in connecting extensive trading networks for centuries. Serving as the gateway to the holy cities of Mecca and Madinah, it is a harbour for Muslim pilgrims from around the world. Over time, it became a melting pot of different cultures and ethnicities, which shaped every aspect of the local lifestyle. Jeddah’s geographic location also unquestionably influenced its architecture in several ways; climatically, religiously, and culturally. The town’s architectural designs, building materials, traditions, and lifestyle were all in response to its context. The beautiful traditional houses were constructed using old building methods, with a combination of local and imported materials. The buildings functioned adequately to suit and serve the local lifestyle before the unification of the kingdom, and the discovery of oil, electricity, and concrete. Those pivotal historical events that took place in the 1930s marked the beginning of a transformative phase for Jeddah. The traditional construction methods and lifestyle were left in the past as Jeddah went through a stage of modern development. New buildings lacked cultural identity as a result of modernism and carbon energy. This dissertation is an autoethnographic study of the history of Jeddah’s old town of Al-Balad from both a technical and lifestyle perspective. Leveraging personal connections to the subject, I was able to visit the old town and acquire authentic information and material from primary sources, which helped me picture and analyse life in Al-Balad more vividly. This paper carries out an in-depth exploration of Jeddah’s history while examining the link between architecture and lifestyle in response to its diverse context, and the reasons why the traditional way of living was abandoned.23 0Item Restricted Cultural Echoes in Stone & Concrete: A Journey Through Time and Architecture in Historic Jeddah’s Al-Balad(University of Westminster, 2024-01-10) Siraj, Talah Wabil; Bremner, LindsayLocated in the western region of the Arabian Peninsula on the Eastern coast of the Red Sea, my hometown, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, has been a significant part in connecting extensive trading networks for centuries. Serving as the gateway to the holy cities of Mecca and Madinah, it is a harbour for Muslim pilgrims from around the world. Over time, it became a melting pot of different cultures and ethnicities, which shaped every aspect of the local lifestyle. Jeddah’s geographic location also unquestionably influenced its architecture in several ways; climatically, religiously, and culturally. The town’s architectural designs, building materials, traditions, and lifestyle were all in response to its context. The beautiful traditional houses were constructed using old building methods, with a combination of local and imported materials. The buildings functioned adequately to suit and serve the local lifestyle before the unification of the kingdom, and the discovery of oil, electricity, and concrete. Those pivotal historical events that took place in the 1930s marked the beginning of a transformative phase for Jeddah. The traditional construction methods and lifestyle were left in the past as Jeddah went through a stage of modern development. New buildings lacked cultural identity as a result of modernism and carbon energy. This dissertation is an autoethnographic study of the history of Jeddah’s old town of Al-Balad from both a technical and lifestyle perspective. Leveraging personal connections to the subject, I was able to visit the old town and acquire authentic information and material from primary sources, which helped me picture and analyse life in Al-Balad more vividly. This paper carries out an in-depth exploration of Jeddah’s history while examining the link between architecture and lifestyle in response to its diverse context, and the reasons why the traditional way of living was abandoned.11 0Item Restricted The Dynamic Nature of Privacy in Jeddah Homes: A Socio-Behavioural Exploration(University of Liverpool, 2024-07-01) Ragaban, Noor Jamil; Jackson, Iain; Alsalloum, AtaaThis thesis investigates the intricacies of privacy dynamics in Saudi homes, specifically within Jeddah, challenging conventional ideas. It explores inhabitants' lived experiences in the presence of visitors, bridging the gap between theoretical assumptions and lived realities in Saudi architectural literature. The study redefines privacy in Saudi homes, advocating for a more fluid understanding that encompasses diverse experiences, significantly contributing to the discourse on Saudi housing and influencing architectural designs and cultural understanding. The research identifies key factors influencing the interplay of cultural norms, individual choices, and spatial adaptations in Jeddah homes. It challenges the universal perception of gender segregation, revealing a spectrum of approaches that defy stereotypes. The complexity of cultural norms concerning privacy is showcased through the intertwining of events, formality, and gender involvement with household categorisations. Interviews unveil the adaptable nature of space, transcending strict zoning and influenced by relationships, occasions, and household preferences. This challenges fixed public/private boundaries. The categorisation of spaces based on users' perceptions reveals dynamic usage and its impact on privacy. The findings underscore the adaptable nature of privacy and its sensitivity to social contexts and interpersonal relationships. By unravelling privacy norms, gender practices, and space usage, this study enriches discussions on cultural diversity in Saudi homes and how it influences home use. It expands the understanding of Saudi households as dynamic, multifaceted environments shaped by various influences. This challenges preconceived notions and contributes to a nuanced comprehension of domestic life in Saudi Arabia.33 0Item Restricted Activating the Transportation Potential of Greenways in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study of Jeddah City(University of Nottingham, 2024-04-08) Zawawi, Abdulrahman A.; Porter, Nicole; Ives, Chrisopher D.; Beccarelli, PaoloSince the early 1970s, auto-centric planning in Saudi Arabia (SA) has led to car-dependent lifestyles, resulting in health and environmental problems. In the past decade, ambitious policies (e.g., The Saudi Vision 2030), urban design manuals, awareness campaigns, city plans and projects have sought to address this problem by transitioning to sustainable urban mobility. Active transportation (AT) via networks of greenways is a dimension of such a transition and is currently being planned and advocated in Saudi cities. However, current walking and bicycling rates for transportation in SA are extremely low. Simultaneously, there is limited research on greenways in SA, and none has explored the influences on their usage as AT corridors (ATCs). An enhanced understanding of such factors is vital because academic journals found minimal effect on AT over the last thirty years from many greenway investments in various regions worldwide. Therefore, this PhD research aimed to explore the activation barriers and strategies of greenways’ function as facilitators for AT in SA, using Jeddah city as a case study. The review and synthesis of existing literature built an understanding of the state of knowledge concerning the planning and usage of AT and greenways in SA. It also explained the events that evolved greenways’ forms and functions internationally while chronologically relating to urban and open space planning in Saudi cities. Lastly, it examined where and when greenways would be considered routes for daily commutes using a systematic review of published peer-reviewed journal articles from 1991 until 2021. Due to the multidimensionality of such influences, the case study of Jeddah used mixed research methods (web-based questionnaire, environmental audits, field observations, and interviews with experts and leaders of local walking and bicycling groups). Interpretations and inferences of such an empirical study combined the results of these methods thematically and linked them to existing literature. Through (I) assessments of the physical environment at the city, neighbourhood, and site levels, (II) examining the preferences, behaviours, and opinions of users and non-users of greenways in Jeddah city, and (III) understanding the underlying causes to existing conditions, this thesis underscored key impediments that must be overcome. These include automobile-centric lifestyles, planning systems, outdoor temperature, social norms, long commuting distances, lack of AT infrastructure, bicycling skills and knowledge, proximity to greenways, and park facilities and amenities. Results also explained that religious and gender norms on women’s participation in bicycling can affect social support for policies advocating bicycle usage in Saudi cities and the effectiveness of any proposed greenway network in the future. Informed by the interviewed experts, existing literature, and global best practices, the proposed strategies to address the identified barriers stressed the importance of actions across social, environmental, technological, economic and legal domains. These strategies (e.g., improving stakeholders’ participation, integrating with public transit, increasing visibility and awareness, and implementing policies that enable AT) can accelerate the transition towards sustainable transportation in SA.28 0Item Restricted Developing Smart Cities in Saudi Arabia. promoting innovation and evaluating smart initiatives. The case study of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia.(University of Aberdeen, 2024-06-24) Almaghrbi, Rayan; Philip, Lorna; Beecroft, MarkTo date, the main focus of Smart City development has been in North America and Western Europe. The development of Smart Cities in other geographies has received more limited attention. This study seeks to help address this imbalance by focusing on the development of Smart Cities in the context of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, with a focus on Saudi Arabia and the city of Jeddah in particular. By focusing upon a single city case study, the research explores how related Smart City technologies are being used, seeks to understand the implications these have for planning policies and municipal activities, and elicits information from the public about their views of Smart City developments. The study aims to contribute to the emerging literature on Smart City development, paying particular attention to the currently understudied area of how such approaches will be impacted by and have impacts upon current and emerging policy drivers in Saudi Arabia, such as Saudi Vision 2030. Primary data collection was undertaken in two distinct phases. Firstly, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a range of national and municipal-level stakeholders representing public and private sector interests. Secondly, a questionnaire survey, administered online, elicited attitudes and opinions about Smart Cities and their development in Saudi Arabia from a sample of the city of Jeddah’s resident population. The study revealed that Jeddah's smart practices show a real commitment to Smart Cities concept. Significant attention has been given to smart initiatives in relation to governance, environment, living, and economy, but smart mobility and community participation require more work. The study concluded with a list of recommendations designed to provide guidance for Jeddah's promotion towards becoming a Smart City. These recommendations can be extended to other Saudi and GCC cities.20 0Item Restricted Extreme Urban Heat(Ohio State University, 2024) Alhusaki, Saeed; Boswell, Jake; Cheramie, Kristi; Cruse, Andrew; Best, Kelsea; Ghosh, UjaanExtreme heat events have significant impacts on urban environments and their residents. They can shape the physical form of cities, influence urban planning and design, and even mold the cultural identity of urban communities. This thesis aims to investigate the interplay between extreme heat events, city formation, and cultural identity that happened in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Working methods for this study will be the development of a historical narrative through the lens of extreme heat and its impacts on urban form and patterns of urban behavior. The aim of this work is to understand Jeddah's history of responding to extreme heat over time, comprehend the factors exacerbating urban heat, and assess their impacts on society and the environment in order to design an ideal residential model tailored to Jeddah's climate and meeting housing needs. This model will be derived from lessons learned from literature review and precedent analysis that are tailored to Jeddah's climate with the ambition of producing a model that can mitigate the impact of climate change on the city and other urban areas facing extreme urban heat due to climate change.37 0Item Restricted THE IMPACT OF PREFORMANCE APPRISAL ON EMPLOYEES’ COMMITMENT AND MOTIVATION AT TOURISM HOTELS IN JEDDAH(Oxford Brookes University, 2024-03-12) Aloqab, Ameera; Yan, GordonIn the context of Jeddah's tourist hotels, this study investigates how performance reviews affect workers' dedication and enthusiasm. Examining the interplay between performance review, employee dedication, and intrinsic motivation in this sector is the study's primary objective. The research lays forth many important goals to accomplish this purpose. The primary goal of the research is to have a better understanding of performance evaluation and its effects on workers. This requires an in-depth investigation of performance evaluation's theoretical foundations and practical consequences within the specific context of Jeddah's tourist hotels. There is a main research component to the study that involves interviewing employees to get their first-hand accounts and empirical evidence. The research aims to capture the positive and negative effects of performance assessment on employee motivation and commitment through these interviews. Furthermore, using a qualitative method with the adoption of primary research method allows for a more in-depth exploration of the personal perspectives and encounters of those employed by tourism establishments by way of conducting interviews among targeted participants. The analysis of the collected data follows the data collecting step of the study. The purpose of this part is to assess the results by comparing them to previous studies and noting any discrepancies or overlaps. By contextualising the study's findings within the larger corpus of literature on performance evaluation, motivation, and commitment, this comparative analysis strengthens the study's validity. Consequently, in order to draw significant conclusions, the research combines its results. Further research is needed to fill in the gaps and reduce the detrimental effect of performance assessment on staff motivation and commitment at Jeddah's tourist hotels, according to the study's suggestions. This research adds to the continuing discussion about how to optimise performance evaluation procedures in the specific setting of the hotel and tourist industry by using a comprehensive approach that integrates academic knowledge with witness accounts.15 0Item Restricted Towards Energy-Efficient Residential Buildings in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Exploring Energy Retrofitting Options and Assessing Their Feasibility.(Delft University of Technology, 2024) Felimban, Ahmed; Ulrich, KnaackThe thesis investigates the energy retrofitting of existing residential buildings in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), the building sector responsible for a significant proportion of the nation's energy consumption. The research introduces a comprehensive methodology tailored for the unique architectural and social contexts of KSA, aimed at significantly improving energy efficiency and thereby aiding the country in achieving its net-zero emissions target for 2060. Utilizing a case study, the methodology incorporates a detailed analysis of energy performance, identifies suitable retrofitting measures, and evaluates their cost-effectiveness. The study extends beyond the technical aspects of energy retrofitting to address its social relevance. It posits that implementing such measures can lead to substantial energy savings, improved indoor comfort, and superior housing quality. These interventions can also foster greater societal awareness of energy efficiency, counteracting the primary factors contributing to increased electricity costs. Despite the manifold benefits, the research identifies potential resistance from residents, which could arise from heightened expectations of energy upgrade providers. Interestingly, this reluctance may serve as a catalyst for providers to improve the quality of their products and services, ultimately enhancing market standards for energy-efficient solutions. Furthermore, the thesis argues that energy retrofitting could stimulate job creation and elevate the status of architectural specialties, thereby supporting broader economic development and social well-being. The thesis concludes by recommending that state decision-makers actively incentivize energy retrofitting to harvest its multitude of benefits, from enhancing energy efficiency to contributing to economic growth and sustainable development. The proposed methodology offers a robust framework for stakeholders, paving the way for a more energy-efficient, economically viable, and socially responsible residential building sector in KSA.26 0