Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Exploring Publication Bias across the Department of Brain Sciences.(Imperial College London, 2024) ALobaid, Nada; Jackson, Johanna; Hillary, TopazianBackground There are few females and authors from minoritised ethnic groups in the Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics (STEM) fields. This disparity is sustained by various factors, including social and historical influences. Females often have lower publication rates due to a lack of recognition from their colleagues and the disproportionate burden of childcare and domestic responsibilities that women are expected to shoulder. Similarly, people belonging to minoritised ethnic backgrounds also face challenges which result in low publication rates. Furthermore, the intersectionality of gender and ethnicity makes this gap worse in the publication rate disparity. Therefore, it is necessary to address these problems if we want diversity, equality and inclusion in (STEM). Aims: To explore gender and ethnicity bias in publishing within the Department of Brain Sciences at Imperial College London. Objectives: Analyze how publication output varies across genders, ethnicities, or job levels within this department; investigate if the intersectionality of gender and ethnicity affects publication bias; establish whether authorship order changes with respect to differentiating factors like job level, ethnicity, or gender. Methods This quantitative study used a dataset containing 14,043 published papers. Publication rates were analysed using negative binomial mixed-effect regression models and logistic mixed-effects models to assess the likelihood of being in which authorship position, while citation counts were subjected to t-test and ANOVA tests to determine their relationship with job level, gender, and ethnicity. Results The analysis identifies some significant findings regarding publication rates and author positionings. Men tend to have higher publication rates than women, whereas there is no significant difference in publication rates between non-minoritised and minoritised ethnic groups. The intersectionality analysis indicates no compounded effect of gender and ethnicity on publication rates. Recent years also show a decreased likelihood of being in the first or last author position, with no significant differences across job level, gender or ethnicity. However, middle author positions are more likely in recent years than before, a change that is not dependent on job level, gender and ethnicity. The citation analysis revealed significant disparities influenced by gender, ethnicity, and job level, with men and non-minoritized ethnic groups receiving higher citation counts, and Senior Lecturers/Readers showing higher citation counts compared to other job levels. Conclusions The study reveals significant variations in publication rates based on gender and job level, illustrated by men and professors showing higher publishing rates. For the overall publication rate in recent years, the year of publication was a significant predictor. The intersectionality analysis indicates no compounded effect of gender and ethnicity on publication rates. These results underscore the need for continual efforts to address gender biases and ensure fair publishing chances at all job levels at universities worldwide.14 0