Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/10
Browse
2 results
Search Results
Item Restricted The Association between Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Polypharmacy in Older Adults: The Loma Linda Longevity Study(Loma Linda University, 2024) Bardesi, Abrar; Dos Santos, HildemarIntroduction: Polypharmacy—defined as taking numerous medications that may not be clinically necessary—is becoming a significant concern among the older adult population. This study examined the associations between lifestyle behaviors and the number of prescribed medications in older adults (75 years and older) living in the counties of San Bernardino and Riverside. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional survey to assess lifestyle behaviors and medication use in 611 older adults aged 75 or over. Bivariate correlation and linear regression analyses were used to assess potential relationships between lifestyle behaviors and the number of prescribed medications. Results: Fruit consumption (p=0.005), mild physical activity per week (p<.001), and lifestyle index (p=0.003) had a highly significant inverse association with the number of prescribed medications. Fat consumption had a direct positive relationship with the number of prescribed medications (p=0.02). Conclusion: Higher fat intake was directly linked to an increased need for medications, while regular physical activity, a higher fruit intake, and a healthy overall lifestyle were all associated with a lower likelihood of polypharmacy. Future research can explore the mechanisms linking these behaviors with medication usage.37 0Item Restricted The Role of the Built Environment in Physical Activity Changes and Cardiometabolic Outcomes Among Lifestyle Modification Intervention Participants(University of Pittsburgh, 2023-06-28) Bu Saad, Mohammed; Rockette-Wagner, BonnyINTRODUCTION: More novel approaches to improve health outcomes for at-risk individuals are needed as type 2 diabetes grows. Neighborhood walkability and physical activity (PA) have been found to be related in adult population research. However, whether walkability influences people's ability to change their lifestyle behaviors and improve their cardiometabolic outcomes as a result of a lifestyle intervention is unknown. METHODS: We examined the association between neighborhood walkability and the six-month changes in (1) physical activity and (2) cardiometabolic outcomes among individuals at risk of diabetes using two cohorts of participants (n=390) who were enrolled in DPP-based community lifestyle interventions (DPP-GLB). In addition, for participants (n=221) undergoing a DPP-based online lifestyle intervention in primary care settings (OCELOT study), we examined participants’ success in (3) meeting a step counts/day equivalent of the program PA goal and the role of neighborhood walkability in PA achievement at 12 months post-intervention. Regression analyses were applied (1: linear; 2: linear and logistic; and 3: logistic). RESULTS: For DPP-GLB participants, self-reported baseline PA levels were positively associated with greater neighborhood walkability. Over 6 months of intervention neighborhood walkability was inversely associated with PA change. Living in a car-dependent neighborhood versus walkable neighborhood was associated with a statistically significant greater increase in self-reported PA, leading to reduced differences in PA levels across neighborhood walkability categories. Neighborhood walkability was also inversely related to improvements in insulin and blood glucose, but positively associated with blood pressure improvements. In the OCELOT cohort, pedometer-measured PA goal achievement did not differ across the study arms (VLM-S: standard coaching; VLM-M: modulated coaching; OGR: control arm). Regarding PA goal achievement by neighborhood walkability, participants living in walkable neighborhoods (Very Walkable and Walker's Paradise) were more likely to meet the PA goal than those living in car-dependent neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS: This dissertation provides valuable evidence regarding the association between neighborhood walkability and PA goal achievement and changes in cardiometabolic outcomes among adults at risk for or with T2DM while participating in a lifestyle intervention. These results suggest that prevention programs should incorporate contextual factors of participants' neighborhoods in their program materials and start considering multi-level intervention approaches.21 0