Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/10
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Item Restricted Adult Foster Homes in an Aging America: Trends, Effects, and Operational Challenges (2017–2023)(Oregon Health and Science University, 2024) Albalawi, Wafi; Chair, Paula Carder; Tunalilar, Ozcan; Messer, Lynne; Carlson, BryantBackground: As the aging U.S. population grows, the demand for long-term care services (LTCS) is rising. Adult Foster Homes (AFHs), small residential care settings providing personalized support for older adults, play a critical role in meeting this demand. However, limited research has focused on AFHs compared to other LTCS options. This dissertation examines Oregon’s AFH holistically by assessing home characteristics, resident’s status and health needs, and the experiences of operators, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Utilizing data from the Oregon Community-Based Care study (2017–2023), this mixed methods research integrates quantitative trend analyses and qualitative content analysis. It explores three key aims: (1) identifying trends in residents' health conditions, service utilization, and medication use; (2) assessing associations between AFH characteristics and healthcare outcomes; and (3) capturing operators' perspectives on rewards and challenges during the pandemic. Results: Findings reveal high prevalence rates of dementia and polypharmacy among residents, with increasing medication use and stable trends in ADL needs. Family involvement significantly declined during the pandemic but showed partial recovery post-restrictions. Operators highlighted meaningful rewards, such as resident care and autonomy, alongside challenges like regulatory burdens and low Medicaid reimbursement rates. Conclusion: By highlighting the unique attributes, resident health needs, and operational challenges of AFHs in Oregon, this study brings critical attention to an often-overlooked long-term care option19 0Item Restricted Gender-based depression factors of older adults in England during the COVID-19 pandemic(University of Sheffield, 2023-08-29) Alkunaydiri, Shaden; Path, PeterAbstract Background The proportion of older adults in the United Kingdom is increasing. In addition, 487,100 older adults experience a major depressive disorder and 191,740 experience chronic depressive disorder. Depression was one of the significant mental health issues that attracted increasing attention soon after the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. Several studies conducted among older adults investigated the change in depressive symptoms and have yielded inconsistent findings. However, studies on gender-based depression factors for older adults in the UK during the pandemic are limited. This study aims to examine differences in depression depending on gender and other participant characteristics and identify factors related to depression by gender among older adults in the UK. Methods This study conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) Covid-19 sub-study (wave 1). Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. Differences in depression during the pandemic periods and factors related to depression by gender were assessed by chi-square tests and binary logistic regression using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS). Results Seven thousand and forty participants were included; 56.5% of the sample were women, 43.5% were men, and the most frequently occurring age group was people aged 60–69. The depression scores among women were significantly higher than those of men. Gender was statistically associated with depression. Self-reported health, quality of sleep and social isolation were the most significant predictors of depression for both older men and women. However, current employment status due to COVID-19 and low educational level were specifically related to depression in older women. For older men, alcohol drinking and lower communication with family were significant factors of depression. Conclusions Our results suggest women experienced higher scores of depressions than men in response to the pandemic. However, the differences in factors related to depression among men and women were almost similar. These findings underscore the necessity to assess and intervene with the factors affecting depression to preserve the psychological well-being of older adults. Nevertheless, future policies should also 1 consider developing ways that support the influence groups to limit the adverse impact on mental health and maintain optimal mental health status during the pandemic crisis.32 0