Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://drepo.sdl.edu.sa/handle/20.500.14154/10
Browse
6 results
Search Results
Item Restricted Clinical evaluation of marketed and non-marketed orthodontic products: are researchers now ahead of the times? A meta-epidemiological study(King's College London, 2023) Alhussain, Almaha; Jadbinder, SeehraAbstract Background The advertisement and adoption of untested orthodontic products is common. This study aimed to provide an update regarding the prevalence of clinical trials in orthodontics evaluating commercially marketed products. Associations between marketed/non-marketed products and study characteristics such as direction of effect, declaration of conflict of interest and industry sponsorship were evaluated. In addition, within the marketed products associations between direction of effect and study characteristics were explored. Material and methods Electronic searching of a single database (Medline via PubMed) was undertaken to iden- tify Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published over a 5-year period (1st January 2017 to 31st December 2021). Descriptive statistics and associations between trial characteristics were explored. Results 196 RCTs were analysed. RCTs were frequently published in Angle Orthodontist (18.4%), American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (14.8%) and European Journal of Orthodontics (13.3%). 65.3% (128/196) of trials assessed marketed products after their introduction. The majority of trials assessed interventions to improve treatment efficiency (33.7%). Growth modification appliances were typically analysed in non-marketed compared to marketed products. An association between the type of product (marketed vs non-marketed) and both the decla- ration of conflict of interest and industry sponsorship was detected. For individual RCTs assessing marketed products either a positive effect (45.3%) or equivalence between interventions or between intervention and untreated control (47.7%) was evident. In 27% of these trials either no conflict of interest or industry funding was not clearly declared. Within the marketed products, no association between the direction of the effect and conflict of interest or funding was detected. Conclusions The analysis of marketed orthodontic products after their introduction is still common practice. To reduce research waste, collaboration prior to the licensing and marketing of orthodontic products between research- ers, industry and manufacturers is recommended.13 0Item Restricted Knowledge, Use, and Confidence in Artificial Intelligence Applications Among Orthodontists in the UK and Ireland(The University of Edinburgh, 2024) Sabbagh, Abdulrahman; McGuinness, NiallBackground: Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied in orthodontics using different applications, including cephalometric tracing, remote and initial assessment, remote monitoring of treatment progress, and extraction decision-making. This study aims to assess knowledge, usage, confidence, and future interest in AI applications amongst orthodontists in the United Kingdom and Ireland. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst orthodontists in the United Kingdom and Ireland. A self-reported questionnaire was used. Data was collected on participant demographics, as well as knowledge, usage, confidence, and future use of different AI applications. Pearson chi-square tests were used to assess if demographics, region of work, sector of work, and years of experience influenced responses. Results: A total of 331 responses were received. There was a general awareness that AI can be used in orthodontics in 80.4% of respondents. In addition, the overall mean knowledge, usage, and confidence levels of the examined AI applications were 51.3%, 16.6% and 18.7% respectively. Knowledge, usage, and confidence levels for specific AI applications differed, with the greatest familiarity, usage, and confidence observed in AI applications for cephalometric tracing and remote monitoring. Alternatively, the lowest awareness, usage, and confidence were attributed to AI applications that assisted in identifying the need for extractions. Additionally, most orthodontists (81%) consider AI to be beneficial for future use and the majority (96.7%) were open to learning about it. Statistically Significant associations (P >0.05) were discovered between knowledge, usage, and confidence in various AI applications and between multiple factors including healthcare sectors, practice regions, and gender. Conclusion: This study revealed differing levels of knowledge, usage, and confidence in various AI applications among practitioners in the UK and Ireland. The findings suggest a knowledge-implementation gap that might be beneficial to be targeted by educational means to increase the adoption of AI technology in the orthodontic practice.73 0Item Restricted Comparison of the maxillary sinus volume in different craniofacial vertical growth patterns: CBCT Study(Jacksonville University, 2024) Almazroua, Dalal; Tabbaa, Sawsan; Aras, Isil; Tormena, RemaoObjective: This study aimed to compare maxillary sinus volume across different craniofacial vertical growth patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: In this retrospective, descriptive, observational cohort study, 90 participants from the Jacksonville University School of Orthodontics clinic were evaluated. Subjects were categorized based on skeletal vertical facial growth patterns (high-angle, low-angle, normal-angle) using the SN-GoGn angle and assessed for anteroposterior skeletal type with ANB and Wits appraisal. Maxillary sinus volume (MSV) was measured using DICOM files analyzed usning Dolphin Imaging software. Statistical analyses, including one-way ANOVA and t-tests, were employed to compare MSV across different growth patterns, ANB and Wits classifications, and other variables. Results: The study demonstrated a significant difference in MSV between genders, with males showing larger volumes than females. No significant variations were found in MSV related to vertical growth pattern, dental classifications (ANB and Wits Appraisal), ethnicity, Y-axis, Mandibular Plane Angle (MPA), or Occlusal Plane. Conclusion: Gender significantly influences maxillary sinus volume, whereas other studied variables like vertical growth pattern and dental classifications show no significant impact.22 0Item Restricted THE ASSOCIATION OF TMJ SOUNDS WITH DIFFERENT DENTAL AND SKELETAL MEASUREMENTS ALONG WITH HEADACHE AND PAIN USING DC/TMD(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-08-20) Alotaibi, Hamdan; Motro, Melih; Alsulaiman, Ahmad; Motro, PelinPurpose: It has been suggested in some studies that certain malocclusion features are related to Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) clicking, which is a prevalent sign of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD’s). This study aimed to evaluate different dental and skeletal malocclusion parameters and their relation to TMJ sounds. Also, to examine TMJ sounds with the presence of headache and TMJ pain using Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Materials & Methods: A sample of 460 subjects seeking orthodontic treatment were evaluated using DC/TMD. Dental measures were recorded based on the initial records along with the clinical examination of the DC/TMD. Skeletal measurements were recorded after lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced. All measurements were confirmed before collection by one examiner using all the initial records. Results: The sample was comprised of 283 females and 177 males. Clicking prevalence among the sample was 13%, of which 70% were females. Hispanic and Other group were significantly associated with opening and closing TMJ click. Class III dental was highly significant with TMJ click (OR: 0.35). Females who had headache had higher odds of having headache compared to males. Headache was significantly associated with all TMJ click variables (Open click [OR:10], lateral click [OR:10], self-reported click [OR:4.7]). Moreover, TMJ pain was significant with open click (OR:7.6), lateral click (OR:14.4), and self-reported click (OR:7.7). African-American group had 0.28 odds of having TMJ pain compared to Hispanics and Other. Finally, Males have 0.29 odds of having TMJ pain compared to females. Conclusion: In conclusion TMJ click upon opening and closing, lateral excursion, and self- reported click is highly associated with headache and chronic headache in general with a prevalence higher in females. Pain was highly associated with TMJ click of all sorts, with a higher prevalence in females and the Hispanic and other group. Finally, TMJ click was found more in the Hispanic and other group and class III dental occlusion subjects.8 0Item Restricted A Comparison of Automated Tracing Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) Software and Manual Digital Tracing Software.(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Almalki, Malik; McGuinness, Niall J. P; Ulhaq, AmanBackground: Various fields of dentistry have been significantly influenced by Artificial Intelligence. One of the most prominent uses of artificial intelligence in orthodontics is automated cephalometric analysis. There have been many different automated cephalometric software developed recently, and they claim to be as effective as digital cephalometric analysis. Aim: To assess whether or not there is a statistically significant difference in time taken to establish the cephalometric analysis using three methods: Dolphin software, AI-generated cephalometric landmarks on WebCeph, and manually-modified cephalometric landmarks on WebCeph, also to assess whether or not there are statistically significant differences in the cephalometric analysis measurements between the same three methods. Methods: Thirty lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients were consecutively selected, and cephalometric analyses were done with three methods: digital tracing using Dolphin, automated tracing using WebCeph, and automated tracing using WebCeph but with landmark modification. Twenty-one measurements were obtained. The duration of each method was measured in seconds, and the results were tallied. Values were registered in a spreadsheet. Statistical analysis One-way ANOVA and The Kruskal–Wallis test were performed. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was utilised to determine the level of agreement between the measurements obtained from all three groups. Results: There is a statistically significant difference in the tracing time between the three groups (p-value = 0.0001). On the other hand, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups when comparing lateral cephalometric tracing measurement values (P> 0.05). Moreover, a high level of agreement is evident between the measurements from each group. Conclusions: Compared to Dolphin tracing, WebCeph cephalometric values are relatively accurate. It is economical, practical, and effective for routine orthodontic practices.18 0Item Restricted Assessment of Wear Characteristics, Longevity and Stiffness of Essix-type Retainers(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Alfadil, Lina; Fleming, Padhraig; Patel, Mangala; Pandis, Nikolaos; Fleming, PadhraigObjective: To compare four commercially-available Essix-type retainers in terms of longevity, wear characteristics, stiffness, and their range of rigidity. Design and Setting: An in vitro study conducted at Queen Mary University of London. Materials and Methods: Four groups of thermoplastic materials were included: Duran (PETG), Essix C+ (Polypropylene), Vivera, and Zendura (Polyurethane). A working typodont was fabricated to evaluate surface wear characteristics using a wear machine with a customised jig. Retainers were measured for tensile test and water absorption was measured at five different time points up to 6 months after initial immersion in two different physical states and two different solutions. Hydrolytic degradation was also evaluated using FTIR spectroscopy. Results: Essix C+ was the most flexible retainer with Vivera the stiffest material. Zendura and Essix C+ had the most surface wear and highest absorption rates. Only Essix C+ displayed signs of degradation following water absorption. Conclusions: All materials displayed characteristic levels of flexibility and were susceptible to water absorption. Duran 1.5mm performed similarly to Vivera in relation to stiffness and wear properties. While Zendura and Vivera have similar chemical structures, they exhibited differences concerning wear resistance and water absorption. Further clinical research evaluating the clinical relevance of these laboratory findings is required. Clinical relevance: Characteristic patterns of wear and rigidity of four commercially-available Essix-type retainers were observed. This information should help in the tailoring of retainer material based on a case-by-case basis.18 0