Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Respiratory Therapy Professionals in The Western Region of Saudi Arabia(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-08) AlQahtani S, Ali; Zimmerman, RalphBackground: Anxiety and depression are prevalent concerns among psychologists, psychiatric professionals, and behavioral scientists across the world. Anxiety is defined as worry-filled thoughts and a pervasive sense of impending doom. It is a broad concern about what will or might occur in the future. Depression is a debilitating disorder, leading to higher death rates and a significant decline in the quality of life. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, and lack of happiness. Therefore, anxiety and depression could have a detrimental effect on the well-being and productivity of respiratory therapists. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression among respiratory therapists employed by public and private hospitals in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 5 and October 7, 2023. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was distributed electronically to respiratory therapists' email addresses through direct collaboration with RT department heads. Data were collected from RT professionals in both public and private hospitals by using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. The data analysis and statistical description provided by the participants were displayed as means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages. A one-way ANOVA test was used to determine the significant differences in HADS scores among categorical groups. Results: A total of 307 responses were received from RTs working in the western region of Saudi Arabia. The majority of them were from public hospitals (74.3%) and (25.7%) from private hospitals. The study findings showed that the prevalence of anxiety and depression among RT professionals in the western of SA were found to be 38.8% and 37.5%, respectively. In addition, HADS scores were significantly higher among RT professionals who were female, current smokers, divorced, or widowed. However, HADS showed that anxiety was significantly higher among RT professionals with clinical experience between 1-4 years as well. Conclusion: Anxiety and depression were common psychological disorders among respiratory therapists in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Higher odds of anxiety and depression were significantly found among females, staff with clinical experience between 1 and 4 years, smokers, and divorced/widowed staff. Further studies are required to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among RTs in all regions of Saudi Arabia.29 0Item Restricted Burnout and Associated Stigma Among Saudi Arabian Healthcare Workers(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-06) Algahtani, Lina; Collins, KirstineBurnout and its associated stigma are critical issues affecting healthcare workers worldwide. This study examines the prevalence of burnout and stigma among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. The data was gathered through an online survey with 75 healthcare workers participants to explore their experiences with burnout, stigma, coping strategies, and potential workplace interventions. The results revealed a high prevalence of burnout, with 76% of participants reporting experiencing it. Numerous psychological and physical symptoms were associated with burnout, including exhaustion, lack of motivation, and sleep problems. Many participants felt unsupported in their workplace, highlighting the need for more effective communication and resources. 56% reported experiencing stigma when speaking about burnout at work and expressing worries about appearing incompetent. Fear of judgment and toxic work environments contributed to this stigma. Participants provided valuable insights on improving work conditions through a healthy environment, reduced hours, raising awareness, prioritising wellbeing, and offering counselling. This study sheds light on the interconnecting challenges of burnout and the stigma Saudi healthcare professionals face. The findings emphasise the importance of multifaceted strategies to address this issue. This research contributes to the limited existing knowledge on burnout and stigma in the Saudi healthcare system.38 0Item Restricted Prevalence and Distribution of Dental Caries on Occlusal Surfaces of Primary Molars among Children 3-5 Years of age in Newark, New Jersey(2023) Alagl, Hanan; Caceda, JorgeBackground: Dental caries is considered one of the most prevalent chronic diseases affecting children globally, and it is an international public health issue that affects 60-90% of schoolchildren. Early detection of dental caries is of extreme importance to allow for implementation of appropriate prevention protocols and the avoidance of early treatment in the pediatric population. Aims of the study: The purpose of the present study was: (1) to describe and determine if the distribution of caries is associated with the type of primary molars and gender, and (2) to compare the prevalence and mean number of caries on in five zones of the occlusal surfaces of primary first and second molars of children 3-5 years old. Materials and methods: One-hundred and forty-three dental records of pre-school children ages 3-5 years old from the head-start program and pre-school in Newark’s School System who had dental screenings performed at Rutgers School of Dental Medicine were included in the study. The occlusal surfaces of all examined primary molars were divided into five zones: (1) mesial, (2) distal, (3) buccal, (4) lingual, and (5) central. Caries detection was performed using the International Caries Detection System (ICDAS II). From the 143 children examined, a total of 5,720 occlusal zones were analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of dental caries in the preschool children aged 3-5 years old was 80.4 %. The Occlusal Distal Zone (ODZ) showed the highest prevalence of dental caries. It was found that although the mean number of occlusal zones affected by caries for total caries (TC) and caries in enamel only (CE) in primary second molars were higher than the mean caries of primary first molars. Only the Occlusal Distal Zone (ODZ) and the Occlusal Lingual Zone (OLZ) showed statistical differences (P=0.029). For TC, the ODZ and Occlusal Mesial Zone (OMZ) appeared to be the least affected by dental caries in the primary mandibular left first molar, with values of 8% and 3% respectively. Prevalence of EC for the primary first molars was statistically significant only in Occlusal Central Zone (OCZ), where the primary mandibular right first molar exhibited the highest prevalence (8%). For TC, the primary maxillary right second molar demonstrated the lowest prevalence of TC in OMZ, Occlusal Buccal Zone (OBZ), and OLZ, with values of 8%, 4%, and 8% respectively, when compared to other primary second molars. This difference was statistically significant. On the other hand, and for CE, the primary mandibular right second molar displayed the highest prevalence of caries in OMZ, OBZ, and OLZ with values of 16%,16%, and 18% respectively. It was found that males have more caries than females in all three categories, and all showed statistically significant differences. Conclusions: The dental caries is still affecting a high percentage of 3-5 years old children, with a higher prevalence in males when compared to females. According to the results obtained, the occlusal surfaces of primary molars showed that the distal occlusal zone has the highest prevalence of dental caries when compared with other zones of the occlusal surface. Not all primary molars present the same prevalence and distribution of occlusal caries according to the occlusal zones analyzed in this study. In general, the study was unique and gathered important information that should be further analyzed.21 0