Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Rapid review of longitudinal studies on the association between oral health and frailty(King’s College London , 2024-08) Alhumaidi, Meshari; sabbah, waelAbstract Background Frailty and sarcopenia are prevalent conditions in the elderly, contributing to increased healthcare costs and higher mortality rates. Poor oral health, characterized by issues such as tooth loss and periodontal disease, has been associated with the onset and progression of these conditions. Despite this, there is a lack of comprehensive longitudinal studies examining the relationship between oral health and frailty in older populations. Objective This rapid review aims to consolidate and analyse the existing body of research from longitudinal studies on the association between various oral health conditions and frailty among older adults. The goal is to identify key oral health issues that significantly impact frailty and to provide insights for healthcare providers and policymakers. Methods The review systematically gathered and synthesized data from relevant studies using a standardized methodological approach. It focused on studies involving older adults aged 65 and above, examining conditions such as tooth loss, periodontal diseases, and overall oral hygiene status. The analysis included comparisons between individuals with poor oral health and those with healthier oral conditions, assessing the impact on frailty indicators. From an initial search yielding 1404 records (702 from PubMed, 93 from Ovid, and 609 from Cochrane Library), 609 records remained after removing duplicates. After screening titles and abstracts, 16 articles were assessed for eligibility. Ultimately, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Results The findings highlight significant associations between poor oral health and increased frailty in the elderly. Conditions like tooth loss and periodontal disease were found to be major risk factors for frailty, affecting physical functions such as strength, mobility, and overall vitality. The review also identified gaps in the literature, particularly the need for more longitudinal studies to establish causal relationships. A total of 11 longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. These studies provide valuable insights into the association between various oral health conditions and frailty among older adults, highlighting the importance of maintaining good oral health to mitigate the progression of frailty. However, the predominance of cross-sectional designs in some studies limits the ability to establish causal relationships and introduces potential biases, including measurement bias from self-reported data and residual confounding. Conclusion The review underscores the importance of integrating oral health assessments into routine geriatric care. Early interventions targeting oral health could potentially delay the onset of frailty, improving quality of life and reducing healthcare costs. These findings provide a foundation for developing comprehensive geriatric care models that prioritize oral health and for future research to address the identified gaps in the literature.22 0Item Restricted Religiosity Moderates the Relationship Between Religious Discrimination and Quality of Life(2024-06-29) Almutairi, Khulud; Gattamorta, KarinaThis dissertation explores the prevalence and impact of religious discrimination toward Muslim nurses working in the United States, employing a comprehensive analysis that incorporates the Stress and Coping Model and the Intersectionality Framework. Data collection started in December of 2023, during a period marked by a significant surge in Islamophobia, influenced by the ongoing conflict between Palestine and Israel. This dissertation aimed to investigate how this heightened environment affected the experiences of Muslim nurses. The findings reveal notable levels of perceived religious discrimination, with 82% of the sample reporting medium to high level of religious discrimination. This proportion suggests that approximately 4 out of every 5 Muslim nurses experience significant religious discrimination in their workplace. This dissertation identified that individual factors such as age, gender, and years in the U.S., along with professional factors like clinical experience and location, significantly influenced perceptions of discrimination. Positive religious coping strategies were found to moderate but not mitigate the effects of religious discrimination on work-related quality of life, contradicting some previous research findings. Overall, this research highlights the complex and multifaceted nature of religious discrimination faced by Muslim nurses, underscoring the need for ongoing dialogue, policy development, and targeted interventions to promote an inclusive and equitable work environment in the health care sector.23 0Item Restricted How effective are over-the-counter hearing aids for adults? A systematic review(University of Manchester, 2024) Almobarak, Aljoharah; Munro, KevinOBJECTIVE: Over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids are designed to improve access and affordability by removing the need to involve an audiologist. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of OTC hearing aids for adults with mild-to-moderate hearing loss compared to conventional hearing aids or in the unaided condition. DESIGN: This review was pre-registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023434820) and follows the PRISMA guidelines. STUDY SAMPLE: Thirteen studies were eligible to be included in this review after identifying 1201 records that were potentially related to the research question. RESULTS: The studies were compared based on the primary outcome of self-reported benefit and secondary outcomes, including speech intelligibility in quiet and in noise. In addition to other outcomes, including sound quality and adverse effects. The studies varied in quality from poor to excellent. CONCLUSION: The OTC outcomes were potentially promising. However, due to the lack of meta-analysis in this review and limited studies, a robust conclusion cannot be drawn.8 0Item Restricted The impact of shift work on the mental health, burnout syndrome, and job satisfaction of female nurses in a general hospital: a comparison between rotating night shifts and day shifts(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-07-29) Alqani, Shahalil; Zolfaghari, ParjamNumerous industries, including transportation, healthcare and hospitality, rely on the availability of employees who work beyond the conventional hours of 7:00 am to 6:00 pm (1). Up to 40% of healthcare workers within the European Union are subjected to shift work (2). Shift work is regarded as essential in the healthcare system to guarantee and facilitate continuity of care in hospitals and residential institutions. Shift work requires nurses to follow rotating schedules that include night shifts. These schedules are necessary to provide 24-hour care for patients and imply that nurses may have to work extended hours to ensure the continuous availability of healthcare professionals to address patients’ needs (3, 4), which can potentially contribute to the onset of burnout. Burnout is a state that arises from prolonged exposure to difficult and demanding work circumstances. It is primarily triggered by a combination of physical and psychological risks associated with one’s occupation, especially when the work environment lacks factors that promote well-being and satisfaction (4). Burnout is defined by extreme exhaustion, a sense of cynicism or detachment, and difficulties in thinking clearly and managing emotions effectively. It is a condition where individuals experience significant fatigue, develop negative attitudes or scepticism towards their work, and struggle with cognitive and emotional functioning (4). Studies have revealed that between 25% and 37% of nurses in Europe and the United States experience burnout (5, 6). Burnout and weariness have serious consequences for both the affected individuals and the organisations that employ them. Individuals who are burned out are more likely to request sick time and declare their intention to leave their jobs. These outcomes will have a substantial impact not just on the efficiency and well- being of individuals, nevertheless on the general functioning and performance of the organisations to which they are associated with (7). Patient safety is also affected by nurse burnout since burnout is linked to a higher risk of medication errors and increases the likelihood of patients encountering infections, falls and adverse events (8).14 0