Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations

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    Language Teacher Cognition of Academic Literacies: Narrative Case Studies of Female EFL Teachers in Saudi Universities
    (Victoria University, 2024-05) Allehaby, Eshraq; Razoumova, Oksana; Henderson, Fiona
    The educational system in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has undergone significant transformations since 2016, driven by the Human Capability Development Program of Saudi Vision 2030 (SV2030). The primary aim of this program is to enhance the country’s global competitiveness through education. In this context, English education becomes pivotal, and specifically English as a foreign language (EFL) in higher education. In KSA, students enrolling at university must complete the preparatory year program where they learn EFL alongside academic literacies (AcLits) including critical thinking, database searching, synthesising, academic conventions, formal and informal registers, and proficiency in various genres of communication. This means that EFL teachers are expected to possess both subject matter expertise and AcLits skills to teach these to their students. By guiding students through language mediation and facilitating their acquisition of AcLits, EFL teachers contribute to helping students navigate the challenges of their disciplines and to academic and professional success. Hence the question: How can Saudi’s MOE ensure that EFL teachers are adequately prepared for the task? The study employs cultural-historical activity theory to examine language teacher cognition, aiming to uncover their knowledge, beliefs, and teaching practices regarding AcLits. The research uses contradiction as a historically accumulated structural system to highlight the tensions, absence, or conflicts in the AcLits phenomenon. Narrative case studies involving six female EFL teachers at two Saudi universities were conducted. Qualitative data collection methods, such as reflective accounts, semi-structured interviews, classroom observations, and relevant AcLits documents were used to examine the connection between teachers’ cognition and its impact on teaching practices. The findings from this study indicate that participating EFL teachers demonstrated a vague understanding of AcLits, primarily equating them with basic study skills. Consequently, EFL teachers face challenges in effectively and consistently integrating these literacies into their instructional practices. The lack of sufficient pre-service training, education, and professional development are factors. Teachers’ primary focus was on facilitating students’ academic success without negatively impacting their iv grade point average, resulting in an emphasis on exam-oriented skills. When attempting to incorporate AcLits aspects into the classroom, the instruction often lacked a systematic and sustained scaffolded approach. Moreover, teacher-led discussions relied mainly on lecturing, limiting interaction in a highly structured classroom setting. The study identified significant gaps in students’ prior English preparation, particularly in secondary schools. Furthermore, the constrained time available for language instruction during the preparatory year program and the challenges in implementing the latest advancements in language teaching methodology, specifically the communicative approach, led teachers to prioritise developing only students’ English language proficiency. By nurturing teachers’ AcLits skills, KSA can bolster its education system and incorporate the SV2030 goals. The significance of teachers dedicated to fostering AcLits in KSA cannot be understated, emphasising the urgent need for high-quality, sustainable professional development programs. Policymakers and language teacher-training providers share a responsibility to ensure the successful implementation of AcLits. Whether through pre-service training or ongoing career development, comprehensive programs are required to equip teachers with a profound understanding of AcLits principles and effective integration strategies, thereby cultivating a generation of internationally competitive students.
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    Integrating Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Sustainable Project Management
    (University of Exeter, 2024-07-04) Alqurashi, Abdullah; Roman, Jose Melenez
    Sustainable project management encompassed the economic, environmental, and social aspects of a project to attain the project objectives in a sustainable manner. Nonetheless, the integration of AI technologies in sustainable project management was still low due to factors like inadequate knowledge of technical know-how, costs of implementing AI technologies, and resistance from the project team. This research aimed to identify the factors that hinder the application of AI in project management for sustainable practices and provided recommendations for enhanced application. The research sought to understand the status of AI adoption, challenges faced, and the impact of knowledge management practices on project performance based on the survey of 40 professionals in Saudi Arabia. The findings of this research enhanced the theoretical understanding of the topic by identifying that the level of awareness of AI is much higher than the level of its adoption. The research results show that although the level of awareness of AI technologies is relatively high, the implementation of the technologies is limited because of technical, financial, and organizational constraints. This research has also highlighted how knowledge management practice can be used to close this gap which can enhance increase in project performance, reduce costs and promote innovation. The research provided practical recommendations for organizations interested in using AI for sustainability and following best practices on a global level and in alignment with the vision of Saudi Arabia for the future. When applying these recommendations, professionals will be able to increase project efficiency, reduce costs, and promote innovation which contributes to sustainable development goals. This research presents a conceptual model that outlines how AI technologies can be applied in sustainable project management, fostering innovation and sustainable development. The research also highlights the necessity for future research to delve deeper into developing actionable frameworks and practical strategies for integrating AI into sustainable project management.
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    How has Saudi Arabia maintained political stability, monarchical survival and curtailed the traditional patronage system while implementing economic and social reforms under Vision 2030?
    (The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2024-08) Alenazi, Jenna Hamid; Hertog, Steffen
    This dissertation investigates the impact of Saudi Vision 2030's comprehensive socio-economic reforms on the political stability and monarchical survival of Saudi Arabia. By examining specific economic and social reforms, implemented since 2016, it focuses on how these changes have contributed to the monarchy’s resilience. Also, it examines the reforming and curtailment of the traditional patronage system, highlighting how through Vision 2030, Saudi Arabia has developed an updated social contract. Key economic reforms analysed include the introduction of VAT, deregulation of oil and gas prices and the increase in renewable energy. Social reforms include youth unemployment, female labour force participation and housing subsidies. This study employs a qualitative approach, utilising process-tracing to analyse key data from 2016 to early 2024, including GDP growth, labour force participation, unemployment rates and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), supplemented by government documents, to measure the progress, effectiveness and implementation levels of the reforms. The findings reveal that the economic and social reforms under Vision 2030 have mitigated potential political instability through economic diversification, job creation for women and youth and the strategic balancing of austerity measures with compensatory programs. By aligning social reforms with societal expectations and addressing public concerns, the government has demonstrated its capacity to meet modern demands lessening potential for unrest. Furthermore, this study suggests that these reforms, despite curtailing the traditional patronage system, have reinforced the monarchy’s legitimacy. The concept of monarchical survival is used to demonstrate how Saudi’s monarchy has successfully navigated turbulent political, economic and social challenges, ensuring its continued survival in a rapidly changing landscape.
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    Opportunities and Challenges for Hosting the 2034 Men’s FIFA World Cup in Saudi Arabia: Developing A Priority Indicator Framework
    (Loughborough University, 2024-09-14) Ali, Kamel; Ghaye, Tony
    The purpose of the study was to explore the distinctive qualities of Saudi Arabia in hosting the 2034 FIFA World Cup™, and to develop a priority indication framework that specifies areas of development need to be addressed early to achieve successful delivery and sustainable legacy for the event. The study adopted a mixed-method approach and a single case study strategy. Qualitative research was conducted in the form of semi-structured interviews with four participants from different sport backgrounds guided by convenience sampling. The study administered an online survey to generate quantitative data research, to a defined population of 150 out of which 121 respondents completed and submitted the survey. A snowball sampling technique was employed for both qualitative and quantitative parts to identify additional participants' individuals or groups. Manual analysis techniques were used for both qualitative and quantitative primary data. The empirical case confirms that Saudi Arabia is ready to host the 2034 World Cup utilizing its distinctive qualities and competitive advantages for strategic planning over the next 10 years. This research helped develop the ‘Priority Indicator Framework' sequencing strategies into 10 priority levels. The framework specifies areas of improvements as opportunities and challenges that Saudi Arabia needs to prioritize over the next 10 years to potentially achieve successful delivery and long-lasting legacy for the event. Though not official, the 'Priority Indicator Framework' suggests that the earlier the interventions, the better the outcomes.
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    A Study of Revitalizing and Protecting Historical Sites in Al Ahsa for Tourism to Achieve Saudi Vision 2030
    (University of Sheffield, 2024-09) AlOmran, Abdulaziz; Williams, Glyn
    This study investigates the revitalization and preservation of historical sites in Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, to promote heritage tourism and support the goals of Saudi Vision 2030. It also highlights the vital role of local community engagement in preserving and revitalizing historical sites. The study focuses on three main areas: (1) how the social and economic benefits of these sites can stimulate local engagement; (2) factors that contribute to declining visitation rates; and (3) community attitudes, behaviours, and motivations toward heritage conservation. Using semi-structured interviews with heritage and tourism sector officials and opinion polls of Al Ahsa residents, the findings reveal a generational gap: younger residents show less interest in historical sites than older residents, who have deeper cultural and historical ties. The study suggests that enhancing economic opportunities associated with these sites could attract younger people to participate in their preservation, while older residents are more motivated by cultural pride. In addition, poor marketing, inadequate facilities, and limited services were identified as significant barriers to increasing visitor numbers. These insights underscore the need for comprehensive strategies that balance economic development with heritage preservation, enhance community engagement, and improve infrastructure to ensure sustainable tourism growth. The study findings contribute to understanding how Al Ahsa’s historical sites can be leveraged to enhance local identity, pride, and economic growth, which aligns with the broader goals of Saudi Vision 2030.
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    The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance: A Field Study in the Ministry of Sports in Saudi Arabia
    (University of Baltimore, 2024-12) Alanazi, Fahad; Naylor, Lorenda; Henderson, Lenneal; Michael, Eleftherios
    This research evaluates the impact of transformational leadership on the performance of employees in the Ministry of Sports in Saudi Arabia. The main research question explores transformational leadership and its impact on employee performance in the Saudi Ministry of Sports. Three main components are assessed: 1) the impact of charismatic leadership practices, 2) the relationship between inspiring motivation and employee performance, and 3) the role of individual consideration in employee job performance. Overall, the research asks, "How does Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Sports practice transformational leadership, and how does it influence employee performance?" A quantitative approach is utilized, as it provides a practical approach to achieving the objectives of the study. The researcher conducted an online survey for each of the selected study participants. The data collected from the study was subjected to a T-test to assess complex differences between the responses given by the study participants and ANOVA analysis of variance to test the study hypotheses. The aim of the research is to fill a management gap and provide beneficial information to decision-makers on the best leadership style to adopt for maximum productivity. In addition, this study is a scholarly resource for people interested in studying transformational leadership in Saudi Arabia.
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    An Alternative Land Transport Strategy for Achieving Saudi Vision 2030's Direct and Indirect Goals
    (Swansea University, 2024-09-25) Alarifi, Abdulrahman; Samaras, Vasileios
    This dissertation presents a comprehensive analysis and alternative strategy for developing Saudi Arabia’s land transport sector, aligning with the broader goals of Vision 2030. The research aims to address key challenges in the sector, explore global best practices, and propose strategies to enhance Saudi Arabia’s competitiveness as a global logistics hub. The study begins by contextualising the historical and strategic importance of Saudi Arabia's land transport infrastructure, emphasising its role in economic diversification and global connectivity. Informed by a literature review, the research identifies critical programmes under Vision 2030, such as the National Industrial Development and Logistics Programme (NIDLP), which focuses on modernising infrastructure and integrating advanced technologies to foster sustainable growth. The methodological approach leverages several analytical tools—Porter's Five Forces, PESTEL analysis, SWOT, and the TOWS matrix—to assess both external and internal factors affecting the land transport sector. This multi-faceted analysis leads to the identification of 24 strategic objectives, which are prioritised using a Decision Matrix to align with Vision 2030's direct and indirect goals. These objectives are categorised into themes such as technological innovation and modernisation, sustainability and environmental challenges, and public-private partnerships. The discussion highlights key findings, such as the importance of integrating advanced technologies, fostering public-private partnerships, and improving multimodal transport solutions. The adoption of digital platforms, the use of innovative safety measures, and the implementation of sustainable practices are highlighted as critical factors in ensuring the sector's long-term growth and resilience. Furthermore, the dissertation identifies challenges such as regulatory barriers, high costs, and the need for continuous technological upgrades. In conclusion, the research underscores the strategic importance of the land transport sector in achieving Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. The recommended strategies, including increased investments in infrastructure, enhanced governance frameworks, and the adoption of global best practices, are essential for transforming Saudi Arabia into a global logistics hub. The findings and recommendations provide a roadmap for policymakers and stakeholders to implement a well-aligned, future-ready transport system, driving economic diversification and sustainability.
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    Exploring the Underlying Factors and Barriers that Contribute to the Representation of Women in Leadership Positions within Advertising Agencies in Saudi Arabia, in the Context of Saudi Vision 2030
    (Queen Mary University London, 2024) Altowairqi, Raheed; Licsandru, Tana
    This qualitative research aims to address the factors and barriers that contribute to the representation of women in leadership positions within advertising agencies in Saudi Arabia in the context of Saudi Vision 2030. While Vision 2030 creates new opportunities for women in Saudi Arabia's advertising industry, persistent cultural and organizational barriers still hinder their full participation in leadership roles. The study highlights the ongoing struggle to balance progress with deep-rooted traditional norms. 10, industry leaders were interviewed using semi-structured open-ended questions to understand the complex and diverse experiences and perceptions of both men and women in the industry. The research applies a thematic analysis method to find themes and patterns while using institutional and social capital theory as an analytical lens. The themes include (1) the impact of Vision 2030 on gender dynamics and work culture (2) barriers to female leadership and gender biases in advertising (3) support systems and career development for women (4) women's leadership styles and representation. The research has found that while Vison 2030 poses as an institutional enabler, opening more opportunities for women in leadership, cultural and organizational barriers still hinder true gender equality. Women face challenges like balancing family life, stereotypes, and traditional gender norms, with these issues influenced by a complex interplay of regulatory, normative, and cultural factors.
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    Evaluating Riyadh’s Tourism Growth and Economic Diversification under Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030: Strategies and Outcomes
    (Taylor's University, 2024) Alsader, Gazwa Naif; Ismail, Khairiah
    This study evaluates the impact of tourism strategies implemented in Riyadh within the framework of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030, focusing on three key areas: and it safer for the economic development, cultures, and visitors who will benefit this place. It analyses the role of tourism in the diversification of the Saudi Arabian non-oil revenues and discusses the challenges and opportunities of the development strategy for the tourism industry in Riyadh. In this study, a quantitative design was employeds, and structured questionnaires are administered to 385 participants categorized in to tourists, residents and workers in the tourism sector. Tests of regression and correlation were also used to determine significance of economic, cultural and social effects of tourism with regards to the implementation of the set tourism programs. The findings also provide evidence of the relationship between tourism development, economic growth in Riyadh, and Vision 2030 objectives. Tourism has helped in employment opportunities, infrastructural developments, development of small businesses, and-Cultural Consciousness and placing Riyadh as a Cultural centre. However, the following issues were pointed out as the challenges; Cultural commodification and The need to diversify the tourism products. On the whole, the outcomes show the positive attitude of visitors; however, there is a need for further development in international marketing andleisure activities asthe factors affecting the image of Riyadh on the international level. Based on the findings,the following policy guidelines for the development of tourism are recommended: proliferation of tourism products; infrastructural development; promotion of the buying local products; and increasing utilization of products from the tourism sector. The study adds to the theoretical frame work of the impacts of tourism in diversification of economy and nation branding, culture and social relations in context of nation- wide development plans, Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia. It provides fresh ideas on theorising the relationship between tourism development and nation-state’s economic plans, and underlines the possibilities of utilising tourism as an additional non-oil source of revenues for Saudi Arabia while at the same time demanding responsible and culturally appropriate tourism growth in Riyadh. In addition, it deals with the theoretical-emprical deficiencies regarding the sociological consequences of tourism for communities.
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    Privatization in Russia, Argentina, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Lessons and Reforms
    (Wake Forest University, 2024) Alsabti, Sarah; Schneider, Dick
    “Privatization in Russia, Argentina, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Lessons and Reforms” is a doctoral dissertation investigating four different privatization experiences and focusing on the role of state and government entities. This dissertation assesses the challenges faced by the states and their entities during their privatization journeys and the factors contributing to their success. Through an examination of these challenges and success factors, the dissertation develops several valuable themes, which can serve as lessons—one of the most prominent is the positive impact of previous comprehensive reforms on privatization and state stability, especially in the legislative sphere. Further, adopting public sector governance indicators during privatization projects can create a thriving environment for privatization and facilitate its implementation. Finally, this dissertation suggests several reforms to help state entities improve public governance and enhance the success of privatization and other public projects in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The most critical of these reforms are to expand the jurisdiction of the administrative court, create a national unified portal for state entities’ decisions and circulars, and continue to strengthen anticorruption regulations and support their enforcement and development by state entities.
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