Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted A FRAMEWORK FOR SMART CONTRACT EVALUATION AND SELECTION USING MULTI-CRITERIA ANALYSIS(UNIVERSITI MALAYA, 2024) Alshahrani ,Norah Mohammad R; Mat Kiah, Miss LaihaNumerous smart contract frameworks have been proposed in academic literature and implemented in the industry, for a number pf blockchain platforms such as Ethereum, Corda, and Hyperledger Fabric. Choosing among these frameworks involves a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) process with various evaluation and selection criteria, including security, financial aspects, and technical considerations. To address this complexity, this research aims to develop a comprehensive framework for standardizing the evaluation criteria and building a selection process for smart contracts. This framework will assist in evaluating critical criteria and selecting the most suitable smart contract framework from the available alternatives. Existing approaches for MCDM-based blockchain evaluation and selection are often not tailored specifically to smart contracts. These approaches are typically general and lack comprehensiveness, often designed for specific case studies. Multi-criteria analysis is employed in this research to determine the optimal option based on the decision-maker’s preferences. Among the available MCDM techniques, the Decision by Opinion Score Method (DOSM) was utilized, which has been applied across diverse fields, including financial institutions and operating businesses. However, this technique does not provide the functionality of explicit criteria for weight measurement. Therefore, a modified version of DOSM that incorporates explicit weight measurement is proposed in this research. The proposed framework consists of five phases. In the first phase, the final set of criteria is identified and examined through expert opinions and the Fuzzy-Delphi method. An improved version of the fuzzy DOSM technique with an explicit weight mechanism is employed in the second stage. The third phase involves identifying and evaluating smart contract alternatives using the criteria identified in phase one. In the iv fourth phase, developed and assessed the opinion score weighting algorithm (NS-WFDOSM), This algorithm modifies FDOSM and incorporates a Neutrosophic Fuzzy Sets (NFSs) environment to measure the weights explicitly and rank the alternatives. In the final phase, a sensitivity analysis module to study the behavior of the new weight technique and its impact on alternative ranking is developed. The inclusion of weight parameters in the proposed framework facilitates the identification of influential criteria in the ranking procedure. The research methodology adopts a quantitative approach to determine critical criteria for smart contracts. Different numerical samples obtained through a closed-ended questionnaire survey are applied in various scenarios to collect data regarding the essential criteria of the subject under investigation. Results indicated the following: (1) The FW-DOSM method efficiently weights the criteria for smart contract blockchain. (2) The NS-FW-DOSM method successfully ranks smart contract blockchain frameworks. (3) Given the binary nature of the selected data, the variation of the criteria, and an increase in the number of alternatives, no significant changes were observed in the final framework among different 𝛼 values. The validation of the framework results was confirmed using sensitivity analysis. The implications of this study can assist administrators in various organizations in selecting the most appropriate and confident smart contract framework and guide future directions for system developers. In conclusion, NS-WF-DOSM is extensively discussed and compared with different MCDM methods from ranking and weighting perspectives. The results demonstrate that NS-WF-WDOSM produces more logical outcomes than other MCDM methods.5 0Item Restricted Peer-to-Peer Accommodation Sub- letting Blockchain-based Platform(University of Technology Sydney, 2024-04-11) Alzahrani, Asma Ateeq; Hussain, FarookhThis study introduces Block2Let, a blockchain-based peer-to-peer (P2P) platform for accommodation sub-letting. A systematic literature review carried out revealed that the P2P accommodation industry relies heavily on third parties. This exposes the industry to various challenges ranging from breach of data integrity to violation of user privacy, poor transparency, and lack of trust. In addition, most existing P2P accommodation sharing platforms lack adequate decision support systems to guide property sub-leasers on fair pricing and local tourism experiences. To address these research gaps, this study develops the Block2Let, a platform that combines blockchain, smart contracts, artificial intelligence, and local experiences to provide an end-to-end solution for a complete tourism experience. The platform is based on the Ethereum blockchain which ensures the security, reliability, and transparency of transactions as property details are verified, validated, and encrypted before being stored on the blockchain. Furthermore, smart contracts are employed to automate and enforce agreements between original property owners, original leasers, and sub-leasers. Also, an AI algorithm is built to predict the optimal price of properties listed on the Block2Let marketplace. This provides a guide for sub-leasers in making informed decision when bidding for a property. Finally, the platform includes local experience offers from tourism operators. Sub-leasers who make successful bids can select from such local experience packages.24 0Item Restricted Blockchain Based Open Education Platform(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-27) Alshehri, Mansour; Aniello, Leonardo; Bills, OliverE-learning is a growing market that within the coming few years may double in size due to rapid improvements in technology, such as the rise of cloud computing, in addition to the sudden closure of education and work facilities that took place during Covid19 which paved the way towards more expansions in remote services. Such sudden changes have motivated the transformation of teaching and working from on-site to online settings. Provided the majority of ICT* are still mainly centralized which allows the world to develop and our daily routines to continue. Blockchain, on the other hand, can offer good services for education, such as this platform, and find solutions to some faced dilemmas, such as price souring and the censorship of control that are found on centralized platforms. Cost efficiency and the ease of implementation that blockchain networks provide, combined with efforts that communities of developers lend a hand for, have made it possible for some applications, such as voting and supply chain control, to surge from such implementations. Some blockchain based platforms are already serving customers with video streaming, however, particularly for education and teaching, it is still far behind the centralized one as there is no obvious development to mention which calls for this project to rise. A centralized server, within a virtual environment, backed up by data stored on a blockchain based network helps deliver the final product of the project. The hassle is that centralized platforms empower features that cause price fragility, and stationed themselves on a single point of failure that blockchain based networks can tackle even when involved partially. Regarding traditional mitigations towards these issues, blockchain as a concept differs and introduces itself in consistency with community ambitions, like those who suffer financially and have needs to access cheaper content to get qualified. This project is willing to stand up as a PoC, provided some components of the final product may appear in centralized form as it is still difficult to only depend on blockchain based services.47 0Item Restricted Intelligent Approaches for Robust Blockchain-based Identity Management(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-02-01) Alharbi, Mekhled; Hussain, FarookhSmart contracts, which are maintained on blockchain, are self-executing protocols designed to monitor and confirm the fulfilment of a contract’s terms. The trustworthiness of these contracts is guaranteed by these protocols, which also excludes any intermediaries from the transactions. Blockchain is a modern technology with rapidly expanding significance that is used in many applications, such as financial transactions, smart cities, and share trading. Currently, users’ identities are stored and managed by service providers using their centralized system. Identity information management is usually undertaken by the providers which raises concerns about user privacy and trustworthiness. Blockchain technology has the potential to enhance the identity management domain by eliminating the need for a trusted intermediary. However, the advent of blockchain technology has led to new identity management concepts to tackle trustworthiness and privacy challenges, granting users control over their information. Blockchain is suitable for situations requiring both trust and transparency due to its inherent characteristics. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop intelligent approaches to manage user identity information in a reliable manner. Thus, we tackle this issue by providing a solution that combines the mechanism of identity management with smart contracts based on blockchain and the use of artificial intelligence. We performed a systematic literature review to deepen our understanding of the issues and solutions employed in addressing these challenges to identify the drawbacks of the existing methods in the field of identity management. In the existing literature, no solution has been proposed to manage user identities in a way that guarantees data privacy and trustworthiness through the use of blockchain-based smart contracts and artificial intelligence techniques. The use of blockchain based on smart contracts has the potential to play a significant part in identity management by improving transparency and privacy. In this thesis, we develop intelligent approaches to solve the aforementioned research issue. We integrate blockchain-based smart contracts with identity management to detect duplicate user identities while maintaining the privacy of the data of these identities, thus multiple machine learning approaches are proposed to detect duplicate users’ identities on top of blockchain. We also develop an early warning system to generate alerts for users whose identities are nearing expiration. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm to intelligently compute the trustworthiness score of a user’s identity based on the identity documents provided by the user, which are stored safely, hence boosting confidence in the users’ trustworthiness score. Finally, a software prototype is selected to validate the performance of the methods proposed in this thesis.36 0