Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Comparing the accuracy of thermal imaging and infrared thermometers for foot temperature measurement at varying distances: a repeated measurement study.(University of Brighton, 2024) Almutairi, Fahad; Jamal, Raneam; Forss, RachelBackground The use of thermal imaging in podiatry for the early detection of conditions like diabetic foot ulcers is increasing. It is a non-invasive technology critical to identifying the inflammation that can indicate potential ulcers. Methods A quantitative cohort study with repeated measurements was carried out on twelve participants to assess the relative accuracy at varying distances of two technologies: HIKMICRO thermal cameras (HTC) and non-contact infrared thermometers (NCIT). Both devices were used to take measurements at specific distances, and the data were analysed for repeated iterations to increase validity. Results The study found that there were no significant differences, for either device, in the temperature readings at any of the distances tested, which demonstrates consistent performance. Based on these results, both HTC and NCIT devices can be recommended for routine podiatric clinical assessments. Conclusion Both HTC and NCIT give reliable measurements of foot temperature, which means that they are appropriate for managing and early diagnosing foot conditions in podiatric settings. However, further research is needed to refine this study's findings and develop standard protocols appropriate to their clinical use.21 0Item Restricted UNDERSTANDING AND MITIGATING THE THREATS OF THERMAL IMAGING ON SECURITY(University of Glasgow, 2024-06-25) Alotaibi, Norah Mohsen T; Khamis, Mohamed; Williamson, JohnThe evolution of thermal cameras from exclusive, prohibitively expensive technology to compact, economically accessible consumer products has paved the way for their potential widespread adoption in personal gadgets such as smartphones, wearables, and displays. However, this accessibility raises significant security concerns, as it can be exploited for malicious uses, such as thermal attacks. In a thermal attack, an attacker captures a thermal image of a user interface, like a keyboard or touchscreen, to reveal thermal traces left by the user's touch. These attacks can be performed without any overt action taken by the attacker, as heat traces persist for up to 60 seconds after the user has interacted and left the device unattended. Attackers can then analyze the captured image either through visual means or via advanced techniques such as image processing to reconstruct sensitive inputs made by the user, including passwords and other confidential information. Recognizing this threat, this thesis investigates the feasibility of thermal attacks when advanced methods of thermal image analysis are employed and explores mitigation methods against thermal attacks. Six studies were conducted, with the first two examining the feasibility of thermal attacks on common computer keyboards. ThermoSecure, a Deep Learning (DL) system that analyzes thermal images to estimate user input, was introduced, alongside the first publicly available dataset of 1500 thermal images of keyboards. Results from these studies highlighted that AI-driven thermal attacks are more effective. Success varied based on factors, including input-related ones like password length and user typing behavior, and interface-related ones such as keycap material and thermal conductivity. These findings underscored the pressing need for mitigation methods against thermal attacks, leading to the third study, which investigated user perceptions of privacy in relation to thermal cameras, their understanding of thermal attacks, and their preferences for mitigation methods. Previous research proposed several user-centric mitigation methods, yet the results from this study emphasized the need for holistic approaches requiring minimal user involvement. Users expressed openness towards using thermal cameras in daily life but also exhibited privacy and security concerns, largely due to unawareness of thermal attacks and mitigation strategies. With that in mind, Two camera-centric mitigations were introduced and evaluated: four distinct obfuscations (Mitigation 1) and a GANs-based mitigation (ThermoGANs) (Mitigation 2), both of which proved effective against thermal attacks. The results emphasized user preference for mitigation methods that require minimal involvement, even at the potential cost of utility. This thesis underscores the need for holistic strategies that not only prevent camera misuse but also minimize utility impact. The final study explores such a method, investigating input-based induced noise that ensures ineffective heat traces for password reconstruction, both in terms of identifying used keys and the sequence of presses. This research contributes a novel understanding of thermal attack feasibility, user perceptions, and mitigation techniques, providing a foundation for future security measures against thermal attacks.33 0Item Restricted A Novel Automated Assessment Approach for Diagnosis of Aircraft Composite Materials Based on Machine Learning Thermographic Images(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-03-06) Alhammad, Muflih; Avdelidis, Nicolas PeterInspecting, diagnosing, maintaining and predicting aircraft safety faults are among the most essential regular jobs in complex, safety-critical airframes. Moreover, the development of advanced imaging diagnostic tools such as Non-Destructive Testing techniques (NDT), in particular, for aircraft composite materials, has been considered the subject of intense research over the past decades. The need for prompt and reliable diagnostic tools for composite materials in aircraft applications is growing and attracting increasing interest. However, there is still an ongoing need to develop new tools and approaches to respond to the rapid industrial development and complex machine design. These tools will facilitate early detection and isolation of developing defects and prediction of damage propagation. This allows for early implementation of preventative maintenance and acts as a countermeasure to the possibility of catastrophic failure. In this study, following a short introductory summary and definitions, this research presents a brief review of the recent research literature on failure diagnosis of composite materials, and focuses on developing an automated assessment approach using machine learning tools for aerospace composites. However, to date this investigation is unique and offers a significant contribution to the existing body of knowledge on the use of thermography techniques.17 0