Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted EVALUATION OF HYDRATION PROTOCOLS FOR HUMAN CORTICAL MINERALIZED PARTICULATE ALLOGRAFTS(Saudi Digital Library, 0025-05-07) Aljowhara, Faraidy; Santana, RonaldoObjective: Bone graft hydration is a critical yet under-explored factor influencing the handling and performance of allograft materials in regenerative procedures. Most manufacturers suggest that biomaterial should be hydrated for at least 30 minutes before use. However, despite widespread clinical use, no standardized hydration protocol exists, and the impact of hydration on the chemical composition, mineralization, and structural integrity of graft materials remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical alterations of mineralized particulate bone grafts following hydration at varying concentrations and time points. Methods: Three commercially available human allograft materials {Straumann Mineralized (SM), Geistlich Mineralized (GM), and Zimmer Mineralized (ZM)} from three different manufacturers, with particle sizes ranging from 250–1000 µm, were examined. The granules were hydrated in 0.9% saline at concentrations of 50 µL and 500 µL and incubated for 1, 10, and 30 minutes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to assess hydration-induced structural changes. Chemical composition and molecular alterations were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and spectral data were processed using second-derivative analysis to improve peak resolution, allowing for the quantification of vibrational bands. Results: SEM analysis revealed no significant differences in surface morphology of the mineralized grafts after hydration. FTIR analysis showed chemical homogeneity across graft materials, with variations in peak intensities reflecting differences in molecular concentrations, mineralization, and collagen integrity. Biomaterial hydration promoted significant selective spectral band increases for all the time points evaluated. Prolonged hydration times did not produce significant or proportional spectral shifts, suggesting a saturation threshold after 1 minute of hydration. Conclusions: Increasing hydration time did not result in significant changes in vibrational bands, suggesting that hydration times longer than 1 minute have minimal impact on the molecular structure of the particulate allografts evaluated.23 0Item Restricted Decellularized tissue-derived scaffolds in bone tissue engineering(King’s College London, 2021-08) Alokla, Mohammad; Deb, SanjuktaBone tissue engineering has received significant attention due to its enormous potential in treating critical-sized bone defects and related diseases. The shortage of suitable autograft and allograft materials for augmenting bone healing has accelerated research in developing clinically viable tissue engineered bone constructs. Optimal scaffold for bone tissue engineering should be osteoconductive, osteoinductive, biodegradable, sterilizable, provide adequate mechanical support bioactivity and biocompatible, hence traditional materials such as polymers, polymer-composites, ceramics and metals have been widely researched as scaffolds, however clinical applications have been limited due to different limitations. A three-dimensional scaffold that is able to replicate the in vivo microenvironment is essential for bone tissue engineering and the use of decellularized scaffolds is an approach that is generating interest especially the role of cellulose from plant source. This review discusses the anatomy of bone with a focus on bone physiology, bone defects and existing treatments, bone tissue engineering and then summarizes the status of the use of decellularized plant and animal tissues, different types of decellularization processes and clinical challenges.14 0