Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted PET OWNERSHIP AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH THE ORAL HEALTH OF OLDER ADULTS(Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 2024) AlMugbel, Khuloud; Scott, Thayer; Kaye, Elizabeth; McDonough, RobertObjective: To explore the effect of pet ownership (PO) on the oral health of older adults. Methods: NHANES data 2005-06 was analyzed (logistic/linear regression), restricted to aged 65 years and older. The outcomes of interest were the presence/absence of untreated dental caries, the presence/absence of dental restorations, and mean number of teeth. The primary independent variable was PO status within the past year. Potential confounders included demographic data (age, gender, race, marital status, poverty income ratio, education), smoking status, depression, physical activities, and mean sugar intake, taking into account NHANES complex sampling. Results: Individuals aged 65-69 were more likely to own pets than those older than 70 years, with dogs being the most popular pet (62%) followed by cats (31%). After adjusting for potential confounders, there was no association between pet ownership in seniors and the outcomes of interest. Non-Hispanic blacks reported the highest tooth loss (-6.42 teeth) among the racial groups and were 40% less likely to have a dental restoration. In the unadjusted model Mexican Americans have 2.83 times the odds of untreated dental caries compared to Non-Hispanic whites, while current smokers had 7 fewer teeth than those who never smoked. Conclusions: Pet ownership was not associated with improved oral health for older adults. Despite the lack of oral health protection, pet ownership provides companionship, reduces loneliness, and increases socialization among older adults.64 0Item Restricted THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS AND DENTAL CARIES AMONG CHILDREN IN THE USA(King's College London, 2024-08) Alsaeed, Lina; Sabbah, Waelassociation between housing characteristics and dental caries among children. Objectives: To examine the association between housing characteristics and caries experience among 2-6 years American children. Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-18 was used. Children aged 2-6 were included. The association between housing characteristics and the sum of decayed and filled primary teeth was assessed adjusting for family income, ethnicity, age, gender, and dental visits. Results: A total of 861 child were included in the analysis. The mean number of decayed and filled primary teeth was 1.28. Compared to those who lived in owned home, Children living in rented homes or homes with other arrangement had higher rate ratios for decayed and filled teeth with rate ratios 1.98 (95% Confidence Interval “CI” 1.25, 3.12) and 2.60 (95%CI:1.14, 5.93), respectively. Higher family income was also associated with lower rates of decayed/filled teeth. Conclusion: The analysis highlighted the importance of housing characteristics as a social determinant of children caries.16 0Item Restricted Digital Oral Health Biomarkers - A Public Health Use A Rapid Systematic Review(King’s College London, 2024-05) Alhassan, Aseel Khaled; Zaric, SvetislavAim: To Review currently available digital devices for early detection of oral diseases (dental caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancer) and evaluate their potential dental public health applications Methods: A literature search across seven databases, grey literature, and a hand search was performed (February 2024- April 2024) to investigate the recent developments in digital tools for early detection of dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral cancer by non-dental care professionals. The search utilized keywords such as biomarkers, digital, diagnosis, saliva, caries, periodontal diseases, and oral cancer. Results: The synthesis of findings revealed five studies on dental caries, seven on periodontal diseases, and five on oral cancer. Home-based kits in development showed promising initial results and acceptable clinical utility in detecting various oral diseases. Among these, the most notable tests included a wearable fluorescent mouthguard for dental caries, a light-induced fluorescence device for periodontal diseases, and a paper-based fluorescent sensor for oral cancer. The wearable mouthguard demonstrated high sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosing early caries, making it suitable for public use in areas with limited access to dental care. The light-induced fluorescence device connects to a mobile app and provides a practical tool for continuous plaque detection and monitoring, promoting better oral hygiene. The paper-based fluorescent sensor offers rapid screening for oral squamous cell carcinoma, showing high sensitivity and specificity for home use. Despite the absence of rigorous clinical trials, the overall quality of evidence was cautiously appraised as primarily high, with seven articles rated high, four rated moderate to high, and four rated moderate. Conclusion: While biomarkers represent a significant advancement in diagnosing and preventing oral diseases, and the findings highlight the potential of digital diagnostic tools to enhance the early detection and management of oral diseases, further studies are required to facilitate their implementation for general public use.26 0Item Restricted Novel Bioactive Low-Shrinkage-Stress Composite with Antibacterial and Remineralization Properties(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-11-28) Alhussein, Abdullah; Huakun, Xu; Michael, D. Weir; Abraham, Schneider; MaryAnn, Jabra-Rizk; Jirun, SunMethacrylate-based resin composites are frequently employed in dentistry for their aesthetic qualities, durability, and adhesive properties. Nevertheless, these restorations generally exhibit a lifespan of 5 to 10 years, with recurrent caries and tooth fractures being primary failure factors. Marginal integrity and the absence of bioactivity at the tooth-restoration junction contribute to recurrent caries development. Consequently, this dissertation endeavors to introduce a novel bioactive low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite, featuring dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) as an antibacterial agent, as well as remineralization nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), with the potential of increase the longevity of dental restoration and protect tooth structure. All novel formulations of low-shrinkage-stress composite were subjected to a series of mechanical, antibacterial, cytocompatibility, and ion release assessments. First, we investigated the optimum concentration of DMADDM that can be incorporated with a low-shrinkage-stress composite without compromising mechanical properties. We found that incorporation of up to 5% DMADDM into a low-shrinkage stress composite efficiently inhibited Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm commonly associated with secondary caries. This potent antibacterial effect is achieved while maintaining excellent mechanical properties and minimizing polymerization shrinkage stress, potentially improving the long-term success of dental restorations. Next, we investigated the antibacterial and cytocompatibility of the incorporation of 3% DMADDM with 20% nCaF2 or 20% NCAP into a low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite. We found that incorporating DMADDM with either nCaF2 or NACP into a low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite provides a potent antibacterial effect against S. mutans biofilm while maintaining excellent mechanical properties. In addition, the novel formulations demonstrated excellent biocompatibility against human gingival fibroblasts and dental pulp stem cells. Lastly, we investigated the ions release and antibacterial properties against a salivary biofilm for our innovative formulations. The innovative mixture of DMADDM, NACP, and nCaF2 demonstrated strong antibiofilm effects on salivary biofilm, while concomitantly releasing a significant amount of remineralizing ions. This nanocomposite is a promising dental material with antibiofilm and remineralization capacities, with the potential to reduce polymerization-related microleakage and recurrent caries.23 0