Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Numerical Modelling of Slot-Die Coating for Manufacturing of Lithium-Ion Batteries(University of Leeds, 2024-08-30) Buzaid, Mohammed; Jabbri, MasoudThe primary aim of this project is to investigate the slot-die coating process for the application of advanced ceramic coatings on lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrodes, thereby achieving substantial improvements in battery performance and manufacturing efficiency. The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and renewable energy solutions underscores the importance of enhancing LIB technology. This project focuses on simulating different parameters in slot-die coating, such as inlet velocity, gap coating, and coating velocity, to understand their impact on coating quality and production efficiency. The research begins with a comprehensive literature review, highlighting advancements in slot-die coating technology, innovations in anode coating techniques, and the challenges posed by edge effects. The literature review also examines the role of ceramic coatings in improving battery performance and the impact of process parameters on coating quality. The methodology involves developing and validating a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model to simulate the slot-die coating process. Key findings from the CFD simulations indicate that precise control of process parameters can significantly enhance coating uniformity and reduce defects, thereby increasing production speed. The primary challenge addressed is achieving a uniform and stable layer without air bubbles or non-uniformities, and maintaining an appropriate coating thickness 'h wet,' the height of the wet coating layer, which is critical for the performance of LIBs. The validated CFD model provides valuable insights into the slot-die coating process, demonstrating the potential for improved battery performance and manufacturing efficiency. In conclusion, this project contributes to the advancement of LIB technology by offering a detailed analysis of the slot-die coating process and presenting an understanding of how the investigated parameters affect the process. The findings support the broader adoption of electric vehicles and renewable energy solutions, promoting sustainability and reducing carbon emissions. Future work will focus on the viscosity of the slurry and its impact on results, the angle of the slot-die coating, and further changes in inlet velocity to continue enhancing LIB manufacturing.15 0Item Restricted MULTI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMAL ROUTING SCHEMES FOR HIGH MOBILITY VEHICULAR NETWORKS: A PATH TO EFFICIENCY(Oakland University, 2024) Alolaiwy, Muhammad; Zohdy, MohamedTechnological advancements in wireless communication networks have enabled futuristic applications that support massive device access and pervasive communications. Moreover, vehicular networks in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) require efficient communication and routing schemes to accommodate Electric and Flying Vehicles (EnFVs). A centralized approach is often flawed due to the high mobility and dynamic nature of device movement. Therefore, efficient and novel solutions are required to provide connectivity to EnFVs without any centrally connected unit. Our main focus in this study is to enable a faster, better, and improved communication platform for EnFVs, support a wide range of applications. This dissertation provides an in-depth examination of EnFVs within ITS, emphasizing the necessity for a unified approach to tackle the unique challenges they pose. Moreover, this study thoroughly analyzes the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically Genetic Algorithms (GAs), in optimizing communication decision-making for high-mobility vehicles. This comprehensive work extensively reviews existing solutions and the background of GAs, highlighting the relevance of multi-objective optimization algorithms. Communication and routing issues in EnFVs are examined from various angles. A novel multi-objective routing scheme addresses the diverse constraints and goals of EnFV networks, aiming to improve packet routing performance and efficiency. Our novel scheme prioritizes energy and transmission rate for routing decisions while focusing on vehicle connectivity time. The Genetic Algorithms employed identify the optimal solution for multi-objective routing problems. Significant findings include an optimized routing scheme that outperforms current solutions, achieving over 90% packet delivery ratio, extended connectivity time, reduced average hop distance, and efficient energy use. The research also explores the potential of Genetic Algorithms in solving complex optimization problems in EnFVs, demonstrating their effectiveness in dynamic routing scenarios. Further enhancements to the solution improve route discovery methods, making the process lighter and more suitable for high-mobility UAV networks. The dissertation concludes with recommendations for future research to further improve the efficiency and effectiveness of routing algorithms in EnFV networks, aim for seamless integration into modern transportation systems and advance the field of EnFVs.23 0Item Restricted Computational Investigation of Friction Coefficient Effects on the Contact Mechanics Between Dynamic Seal and Motor Shaft in Electric Vehicles (EVs)(University of Leeds, 2023-11-23) Alsaqer, Abdullah Fahad; Meng, QingenAs most countries tend to rely on green energy, electric vehicles (EVs) are increasing in usage. However, friction losses within them are major issues, reducing their energy efficiency. Main cause of these losses is the movement of the mechanical components. E-axle is one of such components, which is a drive unit consisting of an inverter, an electric motor, and a gearbox. A 4% of the total losses is exhibited by E-axle due to the mechanical interaction of its elements. Dynamic seals are one set of such elements, which exist between electric motor and gearbox, and their main roles are to prevent fluid leakage and to keep contaminants out. These sealing elements are attached to the motor shaft, thus generating a friction. Enhancing the tribological behaviour of dynamic seals is one effective method to reduce the friction loss. Considering materials that have low friction coefficients to make a dynamic seal contributes to improves the tribological and operational sealing performance. Such these materials are Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyimide (PI) and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Based on the research, PTFE exhibits the lowest friction coefficient, 0.038. A finite element (FE) simulation using Abaqus was done to investigate the three materials effects on the contact mechanics between the seal and the shaft. The most significant findings are the maximum contact pressures, which are 96.13, 244.8 and 269.7 MPa for PTFE, PI and PEEK, respectively. It can be noticed, PTFE is much lower than PI and PEEK regarding the contact pressure due to its minimal friction coefficient and low Young’s Modulus, which is 400 MPa. Furthermore, PTFE contains other key features that are desired inside E-axle. Such these features are the high and low service temperatures, 250 C and -268 C, and the high speed. With the merits stated, PTFE is suggested to be the most suitable material of a dynamic seal inside E-axle. Regarding the limitations of the project, the design of seal edges can be modified by obtaining specific dimensions to obtain accurate results. Also, the surfaces of both seal and shaft can be enhanced by considering the roughness/asperities to simulate the reality.28 0