Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Dose Mental Health Have an Impact on The Number of minutes Exercising?(University of Strathclyde, 2023-09-07) Albogamy, Nourah; Stewart, RyanThis study aimed to explore the influence of physical activity on mental health, utilizing the Scottish Health Survey 2021 data to investigate the association between exercise duration and mental well-being, alongside various confounding factors. Employing Poisson regression initially, the research encountered analytical challenges due to violation of model assumptions, prompting the use of Negative Binomial Regression and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regression models for a more accurate assessment. The findings illustrate a significant positive relationship between Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) and mental health, as measured by the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS), highlighting the benefits of increased physical activity. The study further identifies age, gender, alcohol consumption, and education level as important determinants of physical activity frequency, each contributing uniquely to the complex dynamics between physical exercise and mental health. Notably, the analysis reveals age-related declines in exercise, gender disparities favoring males in physical activity levels, intricate interactions between alcohol use and exercise, and an unexpected pattern of higher MVPA among those with lower educational attainment. These insights emphasize the need for targeted, age-appropriate exercise programs and challenge prevailing assumptions about the socio-demographic drivers of physical activity. The paper also suggests avenues for future research, including the exploration of interdependencies among the identified variables, to deepen understanding of the multifaceted relationship between physical activity and mental health.43 0Item Restricted Exercise and quality of life in patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-12-04) Alshahrani, Mohammed; Pye, Anita; Turner, AliceIntroduction Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a genetic disorder that affects the production of a protein called alpha-1 antitrypsin. This protein helps to protect the lungs from damage. People with AATD are at increased risk of developing lung and liver diseases. This dissertation explores the effectiveness of exercise on the quality of life in AATD patients. Physical activity is known to have many health benefits, including improving lung function, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases. However, it is not clear whether physical activity is beneficial for people with AATD. The main aim of this study is to examine the relationship between exercise and quality of life in AATD patients who lead physically active or sedentary lifestyles. Methods This cross-sectional study examined the associations between physical activity, quality of life, and well-being in 64 participants with AATD. Utilising a customised questionnaire, activity levels and perspectives were evaluated. More clinical information was extracted from the AATD registry. Results There were 64 participants whose ages and lung function varied considerably. Perspectives on physical activity varied; some were physically active while others were sedentary. The impact of AATD on activity capacity varied among participants. The majority of respondents reported that physical activity improves Quality of life (QOL) and emotional health, but some described barriers. Diverse forms of exercise were preferable. Patients who engaged in more physical activity reported improved quality of life, including less shortness of breath, fatigue, and anxiety, according to the results. In addition, they reported having higher levels of energy and generally feeling better. Positive correlations were observed between physical activity, QOL, and emotional well-being. Conclusion These findings suggest that physical activity would be a beneficial intervention for AATD patients. in addition, this dissertation highlights the importance of incorporating exercise as an integral component of holistic health management for individuals with AATD, showcasing its potential to improve various dimensions of quality of life, both physically and emotionally. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and to determine the optimal amount and type of physical activity for AATD patients with larger sample size.14 0Item Restricted Diet and exercise interventions for mitigating the effects of antipsychotic medications on body weight in individuals with severe mental illness (Narrative review)(Saudi Digital Library, 2023) Alswaidani, Salma; Ranawana, VirenBackground: Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), including bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, who are treated with antipsychotic medication are at higher risk for early death, obesity, and chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Antipsychotic medications are strongly associated with rapid weight gain, and a variety of interventions are available to help patients using these medications to lose weight. Aim: This review aimed to identify dietary patterns and physical activity that can be adopted by patients with SMI to aid in weight loss while receiving treatment with antipsychotic medication. Method: A narrative review of the literature with the use of three electronic multidisciplinary databases: Psych info via Ovid, CINHAL via EBSCO, and Medline via Ovid. Cross-referencing and a manual search of journals were also employed. A systematic search was implemented for studies on lifestyle intervention that combined diet and physical activity in adult participants. All studies were published in the English language. Results: A total of 1176 relevant research papers were identified from all sources, and 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. There were different dietary patterns that were used to reduce body weight in SMI patients using antipsychotics. These dietary patterns were a diabetic diet, Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH diet), a low-fat diet, a Mediterranean diet, a low-calorie diet, and recommendations based on German and Canadian dietary guidelines. In addition, most of the studies focused on the effects of aerobic exercise, such as walking or cycling, and a few studies examined the use of resistance exercise. Conclusion: Lifestyle interventions that combine aerobic exercise and a personalised reduced-calorie diet may result in promising effects for reducing weight in adult patients with SMI who are treated with second-generation antipsychotic (SGAs) medications. In addition, lifestyle interventions also may help reduce central obesity, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, and cholesterol levels.60 0Item Restricted The Relationship between Depression, Stress-Related Neurobiology, and Incident Heart Failure: Understanding the Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Exercise as a Preventive Measure(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-04) Alhamam, Abdulaziz Arif Abdulaziz; Tawakol, AhmedBackground: Depression is associated with risk of developing heart failure (HF). Also, higher stress-related neural activity (SNA) associates with subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated whether depression predicts subsequent HF through heightened SNA. Methods: Individuals (N=102,028; median age 57 years; 42.6% male) enrolled in the Mass General Brigham Biobank were identified to study the association of depression and incident HF, subset of 1,227 who underwent clinically indicated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) imaging were retrospectively identified. SNA was measured using validated methods, as amygdalar metabolic activity corrected for regulatory brain (i.e., medial prefrontal cortical) activity. Depression and subsequent development of HF was determined via medical record review using International Classification of Diseases 10 (ICD-10) codes. Survival analyses using Cox and Kaplan-Meier models were performed. Results: Over a median follow-up period of 3.5 (IQR 2.0-5.0) years, 2,631 (2.6%) individuals developed HF (717 Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), 1,214 Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)). Individuals with subsequent HF (versus no HF) had higher baseline SNA (mean Z-score 0.19 ± 1.07 versus -0.08 ± 0.99; p=0.005, adjusted for age and sex). SNA associated with subsequent HF when divided into tertiles (Figure 2B) and as a continuous measure (standardized HR [95% CI]: 1.40 [1.13-1.74], p=0.002, adjusted for age, sex, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and smoking). The association between depression and HF subtype was stronger for HFpEF (1.46 [1.28-1.65], p<0.001) than for HFrEF (1.09 [0.92 -1.3], p=0.32). Conclusion: In this retrospective study of individuals with depression have higher risk of incident HF through heightened SNA with a somewhat stronger association for HFpEF. Understanding the link between depression and subsequent HF may provide important insights into better HF prevention and management strategies.16 0Item Restricted Impact of Intermittent Fasting on Physical and Mental Health(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-03-24) Alsharif, Ahmed Fahad; Buckingham, GavinIn recent years, intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity among some of the easier diets to follow. IF concentrates more on when food is consumed rather than what is consumed. This research aims to explore the impact of IF using the 16:8 method protocol with symptoms of mental health i.e., depression, anxiety, stress, and the effect it has on physical health. Since most of the current research on IF focuses on physical effects, this paper will add to existing research by studying the impact of IF on mental health as well. An uncontrolled pre-post design was adopted for this research. This study consisted of eleven participants (N = 11) who were asked to follow IF for four weeks. Its effects were studied on different physical and mental health variables using DASS-21, QOLS, and IPAQ. The results of the research were not statistically significant. However, when calculating effect sizes the pattern of results shows improved depression, anxiety, and stress levels. The participants showed improvement in their quality of living and some increase in their physical activity levels. This study can be further expanded by increasing its scope in terms of the duration of IF and the number of participants.15 0Item Restricted THE EFFECT OF SODIUM BICARBONATE ON ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY MARKERS DURING PHYSICAL WORK IN THE HEAT(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-07-28) Masoud, Abdulaziz; Amorim, FabianoSodium bicarbonate supplementation (NaHCO3) before physical work in the heat may reduce the risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI). Purpose: To determine the effects of NaHCO3 supplementation before a prolonged bout of physical work in the heat on AKI markers and kidney function. Method: A randomized, cross-over, double blinded design was conducted on 8 participants (3 females) who consumed NaHCO3 (0.2 g/kg body weight) or placebo (CON) before prolonged (120 minutes) moderate intensity (~65% of maximal heart rate) physical work in the heat (40℃ and 23% relative humidity (RH)). Blood and urine samples were collected pre, post, and 1hr post exercise. Core temperature (Tc) and heart rate (HR) were measured every three minutes, and perceptual variables [i.e., rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation (TS), and comfort scale (CS)] were measured every 6 minutes. Gastrointestinal discomfort (GI) was evaluated pre- and post NaHCO3 or placebo (CON) ingestion, within 1hr of the physical work, post physical work, and 1hr post physical work. Urine flow rate (UFR) was calculated pre and 1hr post physical work. Urine osmolality (Uosm) and creatinine (uCr) and plasma osmolality (Posm) were assessed pre, post, and 1hr post physical work. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were measured in the urine pre and 1hr post physical work. Results: Physiological, perceptual, and GI parameters increased over time (p < 0.05), but they were not different between conditions (p > 0.05). Uosm was higher in CON compared to NaHCO3 (p = 0.011) post exercise. UFR was lower in CON compared to NaHCO3 at 1 hour post exercise (p = 0.042). Urine TIMP-2 corrected for UFR was higher in CON compared to NaHCO3 (p =0.040). IGFBP-7 × TIMP-2 corrected for UFR trended to be lower in NaHCO3 (p = 0.062). Conclusion: NaHCO3 72 ingestion pre-physical work in the heat reduced markers of AKI and increased UFR suggesting less stress to the kidneys.24 0