Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted The Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Factors on Firm Financial Performance: An Empirical Study of Non-Financial Constituents of the S&P 500(University of Liverpool, 2024-09) Fallatah, Ahmed Zaki; Giorgioni, GianluigiAbstract This study empirically examines the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors on financial performance of non-financial firms listed on the S&P 500. It analyzes data for 425 firms over the period from 2010 to 2023. This research study apply panel data analysis using Generalized Least Squares (GLS) Regression and reveals a significant and positive relationship between overall ESG scores and Corporate financial performance metrics, Return on Equity, Return on Assets and Tobin's Q for current S&P 500 firms. For the firms that were removed from the index, while ESG scores significantly enhance Tobin's Q in terms of market evaluation and their impact on financial measurement is less pronounced. The analysis highlights that environmental scores influence financial outcomes across both current and dropped firms. Social scores positively affect financial performance in current firms but show limited impact for firms removed from the index. Governance scores appear to have a more nuanced impact, suggesting that good governance alone may not be enough to differentiate performance among firms. The study shows the importance of robust ESG practices, particularly in environmental and social pillars, for enhancing corporate financial success and market valuation. The firm’s market position and financial health may influence the relationship between ESG factors and immediate financial returns. The research shows that ESG investments can boost a market position of company and resilience and their direct impact on immediate financial returns can vary depending on the company’s financial health and market status. Therefore, this study reveals the complex relationship between ESG practices and financial performance. The findings provide useful valuable insights for business leaders, investors, and policymakers looking to align ESG practices with financial goals and foster sustainable, long-term growth.36 0Item Restricted The influence of financial technology (Fintech) on the financial performance of National Saudi Arabia and Bahrain Banking(Cardiff University, 2024-09) Adawi, Eman; Jahanshahloo, HosseinIn recent years, the world has witnessed the rise of Financial Technology, often known as FinTech. Globally, this is a much-debated matter within the financial sector, particularly throughout the banking industry. In recent years, this emerging phenomenon has attracted the interest of scholars and has been extensively investigated in prior research. This study examines various aspects of the impact of financial technology on banking performance in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The research aimed to explore the potential influence of financial technology (FinTech) on the operational effectiveness of banks in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. The study employs a quantitative analysis of 17 banks from Saudia Arabia and Bahrain, which covers the period from 2017 to 2023. The findings of the study indicate that there was no statistically significant relationship found between the following FinTech tools: Banking messages (SMS), Internet banking (IB), Mobile applications (MMA), and Digital transfers (DT), and the metrics of Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and Net Interest Margin (NIM) for each respective item. Although the primary objective of this study was to investigate the impact of FinTech on crucial financial performance indicators, the findings indicate that the relationship may be complex and dependent on various factors such as regulatory environment, customer adoption, and technological infrastructure that should have been included in the focused analysis conducted in this research. Subsequent investigations should broaden the range of examination by incorporating these additional variables and dimensions through which FinTech could exert its influence.4 0Item Restricted THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ESG AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF UK FTSE 250 LISTED FIRMS.(University of Sussex, 2024-09) Alhuqayl, Nouf; Hawas, AmiraIn this dissertation, the relationship between the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles in relation to the financial performance of FTSE 250 companies pre-and during COVID-19 was studied. Utilizing data from Bloomberg and to conduct regression panel models with fixed and random effects, a Hausman test was performed in order to choose the most effective model. The study reveals that ESG including its sub-dimension exhibit minimal influence on financial outcomes pre-pandemic with only slight improvements noted during the pandemic. The data corroborates the assertion that despite virtually no clear monetary advantages of ESG integration is seen at once, its contribution keeps increasing over time. The study emphasizes the complexities of ESG impacts and the need for companies to tailor their ESG strategy to specific operational and economic settings in order to maximize advantages. This study contributes to the nuanced understanding of ESG integration and encourages more research into its long-term effects in various businesses and regulatory situations.5 0Item Restricted THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ESG AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF UK FTSE 250 LISTED FIRMS.(University of Sussex, 2024-09) Alhuqayl, Nouf Khalid; Hawas, AmiraIn this dissertation, the relationship between the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles in relation to the financial performance of FTSE 250 companies pre-and during COVID-19 was studied. Utilizing data from Bloomberg and to conduct regression panel models with fixed and random effects, a Hausman test was performed in order to choose the most effective model. The study reveals that ESG including its sub-dimension exhibit minimal influence on financial outcomes pre pandemic with only slight improvements noted during the pandemic. The data corroborates the assertion that despite virtually no clear monetary advantages of ESG integration is seen at once, its contribution keeps increasing over time. The study emphasizes the complexities of ESG impacts and the need for companies to tailor their ESG strategy to specific operational and economic settings in order to maximize advantages. This study contributes to the nuanced understanding of ESG integration and encourages more research into its long-term effects in various businesses and regulatory situations.10 0Item Open Access FACTORS AFFECTING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF SAUDI ARABIAN INSURANCE COMPANIES(Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 2024-04-30) Alsofiani, Ashwag; Maizaitulaidawati, Md HusinThe insurance sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia suffered from the poor performance of some insurance companies that faced challenges in coordinating their financial structure and were unable to cover their losses, which affected the overall performance of the insurance sector and led to liquidation in some cases. This research focuses on two main objectives: examining the effects of firm-specific and macroeconomic factors on the financial performance and capital structure of Saudi Arabian insurance companies. Previous insurance literature has primarily focused on firm-specific variables, while macroeconomic variables have received limited attention. Therefore, the researchers proposed that future research explore how macroeconomic factors affect the profitability of the Saudi insurance sector. This research aims to fill the gap in the existing literature by providing insights into the effects of multiple factors on the financial performance and capital structure of insurance companies in Saudi Arabia. Additionally, it emphasised the importance of each factor in understanding the overall performance of these companies. The underlying theories of the study included the capital structure theory, trade-off theory, pecking order theory, neoclassical theory and agency cost theory. The study utilised secondary data from 2010 to 2017, covering all 32 insurance companies listed on the Saudi Arabian Stock Exchange. Statistical techniques were employed to analyse the unbalanced datasets, including pooled OLS, fixed effects, and GMM. The regression results revealed several important determinants of Saudi insurance companies’ financial performance, including leverage, tangibility, economic growth, inflation, and interest rates. The findings indicated these factors are significant determinants of financial performance, while profitability, liquidity, company size, and tangibility affect the capital structure of insurance companies. The exclusion of the ROE model due to GMM requirements highlights its limitations. The study revealed that the dynamic model by GMM estimation is more efficient than the static model by OLS and fixed-effect models. These insights provide valuable knowledge for managers and policymakers in supporting the realisation of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 and contribute to filling the gaps in the existing insurance literature.17 0Item Restricted The Influence of Comprehensive Feasibility Analysis on the Success of Small and Medium- Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia(University of International Business and Economics, 2024) Albogami, Seeta; Chen, SongSmall and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) are widely recognized as the backbone of economies around the world, playing a crucial role in job creation, economic diversification, and innovation. Despite their significance, SMEs often face numerous challenges that hinder their success and growth. This is particularly true in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), where the economic landscape is undergoing significant transformations. In this context, understanding the factors that influence SME success becomes even more critical. One potentially powerful tool for enhancing SME success is the implementation of a comprehensive feasibility analysis. This analysis involves a systematic evaluation of a business idea across various domains, including market, technical, financial, and legal/regulatory aspects. By thoroughly assessing the viability of a business venture and identifying potential challenges, a comprehensive feasibility analysis can equip entrepreneurs with valuable insights to make informed decisions and increase their chances of success. This study explores how a thorough feasibility analysis impacts the success of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study seeks to investigate the correlation between this technique and several success measures, such as financial performance, growth rate, job creation, and economic contribution, in order to fill the current information gap. The examination will utilize a sample size of 60 SMEs that operate in diverse sectors within KSA. The autonomous variable in this study is the comprehensive feasibility analysis, while the dependent variable is the prosperity of SMEs. Success will be gauged through indicators such as financial performance, growth rate, job generation, and contribution to the economy. The research will employ both primary and secondary methods of data collection. The collection of primary data will be facilitated through the distribution of structured questionnaires among owners and managers of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). On the other hand, relevant literature, reports, and publications about SMEs and feasibility analysis in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) will serve as the sources of secondary data. Data analysis will involve using statistical techniques, such as regression analysis, to determine the relationship between a thorough feasibility investigation and the success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This research will provide vital insights into the importance of doing a thorough feasibility analysis for small and medium enterprises in Saudi Arabia and how it affects their overall success.22 0Item Restricted THE IMPACT OF PERFORMANCE-RELATED PAY ON EMPLOYEES’ MOTIVATION AND ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE(Saudi Digital Library, 2023-10-26) Albalawi, Wafa; Chris, ChanThe main aim of this study is to explore how performance-related pay influences organizational performance by examining its effects on employees’ motivation and how that in turn impacts organizational outcomes. Using matched employer-employee level data drawn from the 2011 UK Workplace and Employee Relations Survey, we reveal a complex relationship. Although there wasn't enough evidence to prove a positive link between PRP and employee motivation our findings indicate that motivated employees contribute to improved financial performance and labor productivity. Additionally, we found a significant correlation between PRP and organizational performance. These results emphasize the importance of well-designed PRP schemes that consider individual differences and needs. Also, the findings highlight the critical role that motivation plays in achieving organizational success.18 0