Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Understanding Personal Savings Behaviour Through the Lens of Subjective Well-Being(University of Liverpool, 2024) Basabreen, Safaa; Burn, Ian; Gorelkina, Olga; De Roos, NicolasThe intersection of subjective well-being and savings is a dynamic, growing field. As new research methodologies, insights, and perspectives emerge, there is a growing understanding of the complex linkages between financial choices and levels of subjective well-being. However, the existing literature on this relationship has either relied primarily on a unified approach or a unidirectional relationship, focusing on general measures of satisfaction and observing mostly positive associations. This thesis, using large UK panels, aims to extend the current understanding by adopting a more nuanced approach, examining the relationship between subjective well-being and savings behaviour through different satisfaction domains and across retirement status and gender. The thesis is divided into three chapters. Chapter 1 provides a comprehensive literature review, establishing the context for subsequent analysis. It explores current knowledge on personal savings behaviour, subjective well-being levels, and related factors. The chapter critically examines existing research methodologies and findings, highlighting the need for a more holistic approach to studying the subjective well-being-savings nexus. Chapter 2 investigates the role of different satisfaction domains in personal savings behaviour, moving beyond the uniform approach of using general satisfaction measures. Employing a novel two-layer model of well-being based on the work of Van Praag et al. (2003), this study uses fixed effects regression to investigate how health, income, job, and leisure time satisfaction relate to savings. Findings reveal that while general satisfaction is positively associated with savings, relationships vary across domains, with income and job satisfaction showing positive associations and health and leisure time satisfaction exhibiting negative associations. This highlights the importance of a multidimensional approach in understanding the complex interplay between subjective well-being and financial decision-making. Chapter 3 explores gender differences in the relationship between overall subjective well-being and pre- and post-retirement savings using an instrumental variable approach. This study addresses potential endogeneity concerns by utilising sleep quality and energy level indicators as instruments for subjective well-being. It provides evidence of the subjective well-being-savings relationship between different demographic groups. Results indicate a significant positive association with savings for non-retired women but not for men, emphasising the importance of gender-specific factors in financial decision-making. This thesis contributes to the growing field of behavioural economics by considering subjective well-being as a potential explanatory variable, not just an outcome, of savings behaviour and advancing the use of subjective well-being data in economic research. It illuminates how British citizens' savings behaviour relates to changes in well-being levels from 2004 to 2019. It also emphasises the need to differentiate between satisfaction domains and different demographic groups in savings behaviour studies, demonstrating the inadequacy of a uniform approach in well-being studies in economics.19 0Item Restricted Heart disease, health outcomes, and healthcare utilisation among middle-aged and older Australians: a longitudinal study using HILDA survey data(The University of Queensland, 2024) Alkalabi, Meshal; Keramat, Syed AfrozSTUDY 1 ABSTRACT Background Heart disease is a major public health concern globally, with substantial impacts on health outcomes among middle-aged and older adults. Understanding its influence on general health, mental health, self-assessed health, and health satisfaction is crucial for developing effective interventions tailored to this demographic in Australia. The study aims to investigate the longitudinal burden of heart disease on self-reported health outcomes among middle-aged and older Australians, focusing on general health, mental health, self-assessed health, and health satisfaction. Methods This study utilised longitudinal data from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, focusing on individuals aged 40 years and older across four survey waves: 2009, 2013, 2017, and 2021. The study included 12,751 participants aged 40 and older, with 32,931 observations. Fixed-effects Generalised Least Squares (GLS) and fixed-effects ordered logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between heart disease and four health outcomes. Robustness checks were conducted using Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) and random-effect GLS models. The analysis adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural, and healthrelated variables. Results The results suggest that heart disease was negatively associated with general health, mental health, self-assessed health, and health satisfaction among middle-aged and older Australians. Specifically, participants with heart disease scored lower on general health (β = -4.67, 95% CI: -5.56 to -3.77, p < 0.001), mental health (β = -0.98, 95% CI: -1.84 to -0.12, p = 0.025), self-assessed health (β = -0.76, 95% CI: -0.94 to -0.58, p < 0.001), and health satisfaction (β = -0.50, 95% CI: -0.65 to - 0.35, p < 0.001) compared to those without heart disease. The heterogeneous analysis further revealed that gender differences influenced health outcomes, with females experiencing more pronounced declines across all health measures than males. Additionally, the marginal effects analysis indicated that heart disease reduced the likelihood of achieving the highest levels of self-assessed health and health satisfaction. Conclusion This study found that heart disease is linked to poorer health outcomes, including general health, mental health, self-assessed health, and health satisfaction among middle-aged and older Australians. To enhance the overall well-being of this population, communities, government and nongovernment organisations, and other stakeholders should prioritise routine healthcare prevention, targeted interventions, and treatment strategies, particularly for individuals affected by heart disease.. Keywords: Heart disease; general health; mental health; self-assessed health; health satisfaction STUDY 2 ABSTRACT Background Heart disease poses a significant burden on healthcare systems, particularly among middle-aged and older adults in Australia. Despite existing research on healthcare utilisation patterns, longitudinal studies focusing on how heart disease affects healthcare use over time among older Australians remain limited. The study aims to examine the longitudinal burden of heart disease on healthcare utilisation among middle-aged and older Australians, focusing on the number of doctor visits, hospital admissions, and nights spent in the hospital. Methods This longitudinal observational study utilised data from the Household, Income, and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey, covering the years 2009, 2013, 2017, and 2021. The study included 12,857 participants aged 40 and older, with 33,822 observations. The primary outcomes were the number of doctor visits, hospital admissions, and nights spent in the hospital. Heart disease status was the main exposure variable, and random-effects negative binomial regression models were used to examine associations, adjusting for socio-demographic, behavioural, and healthcare access factors. Results Participants with heart disease had significantly higher healthcare utilisation across all measures. The rate of doctor visits increased by 24% (IRR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.20–1.28, p < 0.001), while hospital admissions nearly doubled (IRR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.76–2.07, p < 0.001), and nights spent in the hospital were significantly longer (IRR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.75–2.04, p < 0.001) compared to those without heart disease. Older age (≥ 70 years), female sex, multiple chronic conditions, and not being in the labour force were significant predictors of increased healthcare utilisation, indicating a compounded healthcare burden in these subgroups. Conclusion Heart This study shows that middle-aged and older Australians with heart disease have higher healthcare utilisation compared to those without the condition. Heart disease is a significant public health concern that necessitates comprehensive, long-term management strategies focused on prevention. Inadequate management of heart disease could lead to worsening health outcomes and place further strain on the healthcare system. Keywords: Heart disease, healthcare utilisation, longitudinal study, older adults, HILDA survey, doctor visits, hospital admissions, Australia.38 0