Saudi Cultural Missions Theses & Dissertations
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Item Restricted Perceptions and Implementation of a High-Fidelity Simulation Within the Undergraduate Nursing Curriculum at a University in Saudi Arabia A Qualitative Case Study Research(Cardiff University, 2024) Alnazawi, Ohoud; Hopkinson, Jane; Parsons, GarethIntroduction: Developments in nursing education in the form of various teaching strategies and teacher- and student-centred approaches are evident in the literature. Technology can enhance the delivery of nurse training and education by supporting experiential learning. Various types of simulation exist, including those involving humans, manikins, task trainers, and virtual reality. The concept of 'fidelity’ is used in relation to the level of realism provided by the simulation system and should reflect how closely the appearance and behaviour experienced inside the simulation resemble that of the actual situation being simulated. High-Fidelity Simulation (HFS) refers to a variety of advanced full-body manikins that can replicate human body functions with a high level of realism. Applying HFS, therefore, has the potential to guide practice-focused learning, which may have a strong impact on future nursing practice. HFS can significantly improve learning outcomes for nursing students by providing realistic and immersive experiential learning opportunities. In Saudi Arabia, there are few centres that offer HFS due to its high cost, the limited time available to use it, and lack of experience. Consequently, nursing students and nursing faculty may not experience the benefits of HFS, which may negatively affect clinical practice, the care of patients, and patient safety. Aim: This study aimed to explore nursing faculty and students’ perceptions of HFS and to understand how HFS is being conducted within undergraduate nursing curricula in a university in Saudi Arabia. Design, method, and data analysis: This study followed a qualitative case study design. Nursing students (13) and faculty members (10) were recruited from one university in Saudi Arabia, and data collection included interviews and gathering of eight documents related to curriculum design and HFS briefing/debriefing for analysis using a thematic approach. 12 Findings: The study identified significant curriculum challenges in the planning and implementation of HFS in nursing education. Faculty and students reported issues with variability in simulation module development and practice in simulation, lack of clarity on learning objectives, and insufficient support and training hours. Faculty expressed concerns about inadequate resources and training program features, including debriefing structures, access to HFS resources, and support for staff. Cultural suitability and gender issues also surfaced, impacting students’ comfort and engagement. The findings emphasize the need for a consistent and pedagogically sound approach to HFS curriculum design. Operational challenges and under- preparedness among both faculty and students were noted. Overall, addressing these issues is crucial for optimizing the effectiveness of HFS in nursing education. The findings of this study were used to develop a framework that integrates Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) with the socio-cultural and educational factors identified in this research. Dissemination: This study generates insights from nursing faculty members and students that may contribute more broadly to the development of higher-quality nursing education and practices in Saudi Arabia, which may subsequently inform national health policy. Its contribution to knowledge lies in its demonstration of the importance of culturally appropriate HFS for the Saudi context and the need to adapt the learning model underpinning the curriculum to accommodate this approach.41 0Item Restricted Business Simulation: Analyzing the Marketing Executive's Role in Driving Corporate Success(University of Liverpool, 2024-09) Alsubaie, Lama; Taghizadegan, AliThe automotive industry has recently experienced a significant shift from ICE- based vehicles to more sustainable alternatives in an effort to protect the environment and mitigate the climate impacts of vehicular emissions. This study explores the simulation environment of the European automotive market in a manner that is as realistic and current as possible. It specifically examines the implementation of various marketing strategies, emphasising the role of the marketing executive in pricing, understanding customers' preferences, targeting specific demographics, and selecting effective advertising channels. Although previous research has investigated effective marketing strategies in the automobile industry, they have rarely considered how these strategies align with specific age groups, mainly focusing on electric and hybrid vehicles. In this simulation, marketing efforts were tailored to appeal to customers aged 41-55, considering factors influencing their purchase decisions and preferences and identifying the most effective advertising channels for this demographic. This targeted approach proved successful, as it has resulted in significant sales achievements and long-term profitability for the company.10 0Item Restricted Characterising Jurassic Carbonate Successions: Exploring Southern Outcrops of the Hanifa Formation, Saudi Arabia(University of Aberdeen, 2024-06-17) Tayeb, Ahmad; Howell, John; Brasier, AlexanderThe Jurassic successions in Saudi Arabia are significant as they are both reservoirs and source rocks for the World’s largest hydrocarbon fields. There are seven formations that make up Saudi Arabia's Jurassic system: the Marrat, Dhurma, Tuwaiq Mountain, Hanifa, Jubailah, Arab, and Hith. In central Saudi Arabia, the Jurassic carbonate strata of the Hanifa Formation play a significant role as a hydrocarbon-producing interval. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a high-resolution sedimentology and stratigraphic study of the carbonate rocks of the Hanifa Formation in a series of previously unstudied outcrops, south of the main oil fields. The goal was to evaluate the reservoir characterisation by studying the outcrops using traditional field techniques and novel virtual outcrops (VOs) methods to investigate analogues for reservoir performance on an inter well scale. The Hanifa is interpreted as a being deposited on a shallow carbonate ramp. The studied outcrops lie along a depositional dip profile and allow comparison between systems from proximal upper ramp dominated by corals and stromatoporoid reef facies to a more muddy distal outer ramp. Silica layers are also present within the carbonates the proximal settings, they are linked to periods of allocyclic inputs of silicious material to the basin. There origin and impact on reservoir performance are discussed. Carbonate systems are not straightforward to interpret in the virtual outcrop models (VOMs) and many of the layers look broadly similar, thus petrographic analysis and geochemistry were also incorporated into the study to provide a multiscale view of the reservoir potential. Where all these approaches together achieved excellent outcomes to determine the depositional environment and investigate the reservoir characterisations of the Hanifa formation.19 0Item Restricted Computational Investigation of Friction Coefficient Effects on the Contact Mechanics Between Dynamic Seal and Motor Shaft in Electric Vehicles (EVs)(University of Leeds, 2023-11-23) Alsaqer, Abdullah Fahad; Meng, QingenAs most countries tend to rely on green energy, electric vehicles (EVs) are increasing in usage. However, friction losses within them are major issues, reducing their energy efficiency. Main cause of these losses is the movement of the mechanical components. E-axle is one of such components, which is a drive unit consisting of an inverter, an electric motor, and a gearbox. A 4% of the total losses is exhibited by E-axle due to the mechanical interaction of its elements. Dynamic seals are one set of such elements, which exist between electric motor and gearbox, and their main roles are to prevent fluid leakage and to keep contaminants out. These sealing elements are attached to the motor shaft, thus generating a friction. Enhancing the tribological behaviour of dynamic seals is one effective method to reduce the friction loss. Considering materials that have low friction coefficients to make a dynamic seal contributes to improves the tribological and operational sealing performance. Such these materials are Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Polyimide (PI) and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Based on the research, PTFE exhibits the lowest friction coefficient, 0.038. A finite element (FE) simulation using Abaqus was done to investigate the three materials effects on the contact mechanics between the seal and the shaft. The most significant findings are the maximum contact pressures, which are 96.13, 244.8 and 269.7 MPa for PTFE, PI and PEEK, respectively. It can be noticed, PTFE is much lower than PI and PEEK regarding the contact pressure due to its minimal friction coefficient and low Young’s Modulus, which is 400 MPa. Furthermore, PTFE contains other key features that are desired inside E-axle. Such these features are the high and low service temperatures, 250 C and -268 C, and the high speed. With the merits stated, PTFE is suggested to be the most suitable material of a dynamic seal inside E-axle. Regarding the limitations of the project, the design of seal edges can be modified by obtaining specific dimensions to obtain accurate results. Also, the surfaces of both seal and shaft can be enhanced by considering the roughness/asperities to simulate the reality.28 0Item Restricted Emergency Evacuation Modelling: A Systematic Review on Human Behaviour Prediction Methodologies and Approaches for Planning the Evacuation Routeing(Saudi Digital Library, 2022-09-08) Noor Ilahi, Razan Yaseen M; Akbari, VahidAbstract Natural disasters are frequently occurring events, and evidence indicates that they will continue to increase in frequency and cause further harm and damage to society and the environment. Thus, robust and effective disaster management strategies are necessary to overcome the consequences of disastrous events. To enhance evacuation planning that considers the major risk mitigation aspect, this work aims to deliver an informative database of recent methodologies used in planning for evacuation in an attempt to bridge the gap between the social sciences and transportation engineering. A systematic review of 70 articles and conference proceedings in the field of planning for evacuation concerning behaviour prediction and the optimisation of evacuation routeing was carried out to offer broad insights into the improvement areas in the utilised methods. The findings revealed that agent-based simulation is the most employed method in investigating/predicting human behaviours during emergencies. Further, the traffic assignment optimisation approach is the most frequently used technique in planning/analysing evacuation routeing, whereas the objective of identifying the shortest path is commonly used. Further, the decision to evacuate is among the most investigated human factors in planning the evacuation process, as it directly affects evacuation demand and departure times, and hence, traffic management. After a detailed exploration of evacuation planning methodologies, this work proposes a framework comprising sub-models that transfer the outputs from human behaviour investigations into evacuation routeing planning, with suggestions regarding the suitable approaches that can be utilised. Extended research could be implemented to check the compatibility of the suggested methodologies across the framework.18 0Item Restricted Best Practice Using Ex Vivo Animal Brain Modelling in Neurosurgical Education to Assess Surgical Expertise(2022-01-19) Alsayegh, Ahmad; Del Maestro, RolandoBackground: Ex vivo animal brain simulation models are increasingly utilized for neurosurgical training since these models can replicate human brain conditions. This communication aims to provide the neurosurgical community interested in utilizing ex vivo animal brain simulation models with guidelines for comprehensively and rigorously conducting, documenting, and assessing this type of research. Methods: In consultation with an interdisciplinary group of physicians and researchers involved in ex vivo models, and a review of the literature on best practice guidelines for simulation research, we developed the “Ex Vivo Brain Model to Assess Surgical Expertise” (EVBMASE) checklist. This checklist provides a comprehensive quantitative framework to analyze and report studies involving brain simulation models. We apply this checklist to articles published on ex vivo animal brain models to document how good or bad current ex vivo brain simulation models are in training surgical expertise. Results: The EVBMASE checklist utilizes defined subsections and a total score, which can help researchers to better assess the quality of, and determine deficiencies in any simulation research model. Conclusions: This work contributes to a more rigorous application, documentation, and thorough assessment of ex vivo brain simulation research.12 0Item Restricted Surgical Performance Analysis in a Simulated Virtual Reality Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Task(2021-08-06) Bakhaidar, Mohamad; Maestro, Rolando Del; Gregory BerryIntroduction: Multiple studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) simulators in surgical skills training and assessment. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is among the most common spine procedures and requires trainees to master a broad spectrum of surgical techniques. The Sim-ortho VR simulator provides a validated anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) simulated task. This validated tool can be used in the evaluation and assessment of surgical skill. Objective This thesis aims to analyze the three-dimensional data recorded by the Sim-Ortho VR simulator platform during the discectomy component of the ACDF task. We aim to use the generated data to develop novel metrics to assess the performance of participants with different levels of expertise. Hypothesis We hypothesize that the results of this analysis would establish a methodology to develop novel metrics that can identify performance variability between different groups of expertise and provide new insights into surgical expertise. Methods We recruited participants with different levels of expertise to perform a standardized ACDF simulation task. The three-dimensional structural data were generated from the simulator and recorded after each step. We collected and analyzed different data including volumes of each 5 structure at different stages of the procedure and rate of removal of the disc. Statistical significance was set as p < 0.05. Results Twenty-seven participants were included and divided into three groups based on their surgical expertise: medical student, resident, and post-resident groups. Medical students took longer to perform the discectomy compared to the other groups and left almost three times of disc residual as the resident and post-resident groups (p = 0.068). During the annulotomy component, the post-resident group removed 47.4% more disc than the resident and 102% more than the medical student group (p = 0.03). No statistically significant differences between groups were found during the second stage of the discectomy regarding disc residual and rate of removal. The post-resident group spent 19.1% of their surgical time actively working on areas adjacent to the dura, compared to 13.7% and 5.1% in the resident and medical student groups, respectively (p = 0.017). Conclusion Expert performance is associated with higher efficiency compared to resident and medical student groups. The amount removed and rate of removal represent other features of expertise during the annulotomy stage of the discectomy. These differences expose some of the features of experts’ performance that can be further studied and taught to junior trainees.19 0