Evaluating Infrastructure Readiness and Public Acceptance of Autonomous and Connected Vehicle Technology: A Comparative Analysis of Sustainability Impacts on Urban Mobility in London and Singapore

Abstract

Abstract As urbanization and technological advances advance, autonomous and connected vehicles (ACVs) are impacting the future of urban transport. This study examines the readiness of London and Singapore for ACVs by analyzing infrastructure, public acceptance, and sustainability impact. Singapore excels, with 85% of roadways prepared for Autonomous Connected Vehicles (ACV), 95% 5G coverage, and substantial government-fostered public trust at 70%. Conversely, London has difficulties with its aging infrastructure (merely 50% of roads are ACV-compatible) and public skepticism (62% express mistrust), mostly stemming from safety, privacy, and employment apprehensions. Singapore's investment in renewable energy is projected to decrease emissions by 45%, but London's initiatives are restricted, capping the reduction at 30%. Research indicates that effective ACV implementation relies on a strong infrastructure, public confidence, and sustainable planning. London needs to prioritise the modernisation of transport systems, improve openness in ACV communications, and invest in renewable energy sources. Notwithstanding Singapore's leadership, more public engagement and intensified environmental initiatives are advised. This study emphasises that cities implementing ACVs must reconcile innovation with public trust and infrastructure improvements. By examining London's issues and Singapore's proactive responses, other cities may formulate more intelligent, sustainable, and efficient urban transportation solutions.