.INTEGRATING SOLAR PONDS INTO URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT : A CASE STUDY OF NEOM

Abstract

This comprehensive analysis of an integrated system for upper convective zone (UCZ) thermal energy extraction, turbo-vapor axial compressor, low-pressure steam turbine, and Multi-Stage Flash (MSF) desalination unit reveals significant implications for system operation and efficiency throughout the year. The study highlights the importance of temperature distribution in the UCZ, with temperatures consistently below 70°C from January to March, posing a challenge for system operation during these months. Conversely, temperatures rise above 70°C from April to December, providing a favorable environment for efficient system operation in NEOM. The design parameters of the pond are well-defined, with minimum dimensions of 202 x 202 meters and a depth of 0.7 meters being sufficient to extract 1 kg/s of thermal energy over an 8-hour daily operational period. The specifications of the turbo-vapor axial compressor, including a hub diameter of 0.27 meters, a tip diameter of 0.549 meters, and an operational speed of 3000 RPM, enable efficient compression and transfer of thermal energy. The low-pressure steam turbine is designed with three stages, achieving a net power output of 181.5 kW, converting thermal energy into mechanical energy to support system operations. The MSF desalination unit is capable of producing 28,800 liters of freshwater per day during an 8-hour working period, meeting water demands and demonstrating the system's effectiveness in desalinating seawater. Overall, the integration of these components within the described temperature and operational parameters provides a robust framework for efficient energy conversion and freshwater production throughout most of the year. Addressing the operational challenges during colder months and leveraging the system's design strengths during warmer periods will be crucial to maximizing overall performance and sustainability.