Motivational Interviewing use to facilitate weight loss through lifestyle changes in overweightobese adults: a Systematic Literature Review of the global picture and exploration of implication in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Abstract OBJECTIVE To investigate the comprehensive effects of using Motivational Interviewing (MI) to facilitate weight loss through lifestyle changes among overweightobese adults. DESIGN Systematic Literature review of Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) DATA SOURCES Pubmed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and MEDLINE electronic databases with the last date searched 30 December 2020. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA All studies assessing the effectiveness of MI as a method to lose weight among overweightobese adults were eligible to be included and limited study design to have only RCTs. The setting of the intervention was not limited, but the background of the MI providers was considered. Excluded studies were non RCT, with other populations than adults, written in languages other than English, or the full text was unavailable. RESULTS The search identified 1188 citations; of which 413 citations were screened, and only 14 RCTs met the inclusionexclusion criteria and were included in the current systematic review. The effects of MI were classified into five themes: effects on weight, diet, physical activity, motivations, and satisfaction. All the studies reported the weight change due to the MI intervention, while some reported other lifestyle outcomes. Overall, the studies provided evidence on the effectiveness of MI to manage weight by changing lifestyle behaviours. CONCLUSIONS MI is an effective intervention to facilitate weight loss through lifestyle changes in overweightobese adults. It has several effects on weight, diet, physical activity, motivation, and satisfaction. Therefore, the researcher projected that using it will elicit long-term and sustainable results.