Daylight and Thermal Performance Strategies in Schools: A Case Study in Jeddah

Abstract

In countries such as Saudi Arabia with abundant sunlight and clear skies, harnessing natural daylight in building design is advantageous. However, privacy concerns and thermal comfort considerations often limit the penetration of solar radiation, particularly in schools for females, in accordance with cultural norms. This research addresses the challenge of harmonising privacy requirements with the necessity for adequate natural daylight in primary schools. The study employs inventive shading strategies to create design solutions that prioritise comfort and cultural needs. The aim is to strike an optimal balance between privacy and natural light, cultivating a conducive learning and well-being environment. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research embarks on a comprehensive literature review covering daylighting, shading, regulations and sustainable design. Insights from this review guide the exploration of shading methods that effectively reconcile privacy with natural light. This study compares environmental strategies in Indian and Brazilian school buildings to assess their suitability for female school design in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A meticulous focus on daylighting and thermal comfort is underpinned by advanced simulations which decisively inform design decisions to create sustainable, comfortable and efficient learning spaces through evidence-based strategies. The study contributes to innovative building designs that balance privacy with student well-being. By enhancing access to natural light and optimising energy use, these solutions positively affect academic performance, concentration and attendance whilst respecting cultural and religious aspects integral to female school design in Saudi Arabia. A noteworthy revelation lies in the successful integration of contemporary shading devices inspired by the traditional mashrabiya architectural element. This integration resulted in a 13% enhancement in the learning environment when coupled with adjusted window-to-wall ratios. Moreover, the synergy of shading installations and natural ventilation achieved a notable 11.2% improvement in thermal comfort, even in the face of challenging hot and humid climates.