Simulation and analysis of multiple transparent conducting oxides in solar cells and a review of solar energy market potential and trend review

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Indium tin oxide is highly regarded as the best transparent conducting oxide for solar cell use due to its versatility and excellent electrical and optical properties. A lot of research has explored potential substitutes for indium tin oxide due to indium’s scarcity and the demand and overuse of liquid crystal display technology manufacturing. A new emerging substitute, molybdenum zinc oxide, is a widebandgap transparent conducting oxide. In this paper, the highest value observed for the bandgap was 3.43 eV. Thus, this new film shows promising optical properties with a high average transmittance of 84%–87% throughout the visible light region, and it shows exceptionally good electrical properties with a conductivity as high as 168067.2269 Siemens due to the new molybdenum doping for zinc oxide. In this paper, the following various optical and electrical properties are examined and simulated through MATLAB: absorption coefficient, absorbance, reflectance, transmittance, optical bandgap, refractive index, resistivity, conductivity and sheet resistance. This research aims to observe the new molybdenum zinc oxide’s performance with the different molybdenum doping concentrations to see how molybdenum affects the performance of zin oxide, and to compare it against the best transparent conducting oxide to date, indium tin oxide. This paper observes how the un-doped base forms zinc oxide for the optical properties and compares the same materials when adding it to other popular zinc oxide dopants for the electrical properties. Keywords: Photovoltaic solar cells, Indium Tin Oxide, Transparent conducting oxide, Molybdenum Zinc oxide, wide-bandgap semiconductor.
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