A Systematic Review of Renewable Energy Policy and Development Strategies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia commits to reduce carbon emissions by 50% by 2030, a goal envisioned in the strategic framework of Vision 2030. The framework suggests that Saudi Arabia is increasingly investing in alternative energy to reduce over-reliance on conventional fossil fuels. The ambitious roadmap has attracted significant research interest to understand the different variables involved and their role in achieving sustainable future. However, given the recency of renewable energy initiatives in the Kingdom, the current status of policy and strategy dimensions of the energy landscape remains still unclear. This study undertook a systematic literature review of 87 scholarly articles to examine the policies and strategies characterizing renewable energy development in the Kingdom. Emergent themes from the reviewed articles include the pervasiveness of Vision 2030, Renewable Energy Project Development Office (REPDO), and standardized power purchase agreements (PPAs). Saudi Arabia was found to adopt strategies such as public-private partnerships (PPPs), localization of the renewable energy industry, grid integration, and international collaboration to develop renewable energy. The effectiveness of these strategies is evidenced by impacts such as economic diversification, job creation, environmental sustainability and enhanced energy security. However, several challenges and opportunities were also identified. These include regulatory and policy barriers, technological and infrastructure constraints, financial and investment hurdles, and the need for capacity building and local expertise. The study concludes with implications for policy and practice to achieve the full potential of renewable energy development.