Biomodification of a Class-V Restorative Material by Incorporation of Bioactive Agents

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of incorporating bioactive materials to glass ionomer cement (GIC) on its mechanical and biological properties. Materials and Methods: Bioactive materials including hydroxyapatite, chitosan, chondroitin sulphate, bioglass, gelatine and processed bovine dentin were incorporated into a GIC restorative material. Compressive strength, biaxial flexural strength (BFS), hardness, setting and working time measurements were investigated. Biocompatibility of the new materials were assessed using both monolayer cell cultures of normal oral fibroblasts (NOF) and TR146 keratinocytes, and 3D- tissue engineered human oral mucosa models (3D-OMM) using presto-blue (PB) tissue viability assay and histological examination. Results: Significant reduction in the compressive strength and BFS of GIC discs modified with gelatin was recorded, while chondroitin sulphate-modified discs had reduced BFS only (p value >0.05). For hardness, working and setting times, only bioglass caused significant increase in the working time. Significant increase in the viability of NOF cells exposed to GIC discs modified with bovine dentine, bioglass and chitosan was observed. The histological sections showed curling and growth of the epithelial layer toward the disc space, except for the GIC modified with gelatine. Significance: This study has highlighted the potential for clinical application of the modified GICs with hydroxyapatite, chitosan, bioglass and bovine dentine in subgingival class V restorations as these additives increase the cell bioactivity without compromising the mechanical properties.