Bariatric Surgery and Its Impact on Taste Perception and Preference: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Changes in taste perception and food preferences could play a significant role in driving dietary modifications and facilitating weight loss following bariatric surgery. These sensory alterations may influence the types of food patients are inclined to consume post-surgery, potentially leading to healthier eating patterns that support sustained weight reduction. Objective: to assess variations in taste thresholds, in the intensity and quality of taste sensations and in changes to food preferences following bariatric surgery. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify studies examining changes in taste perception and preferences following bariatric surgery. Inclusion criteria were set to include studies with pre- and post-surgery taste perception and preference measurements. Data were extracted and synthesised to highlight changes assess variations in taste perception and food preferences. Result: The review included 12 studies, found that bariatric surgery lead to significant taste changes in taste thresholds, intensity and quality. Alterations in taste thresholds, including increased or decreased sensitivity for sweetness, bitterness, and saltiness, and the hedonic value of food that reduce enjoyment of high-calorie and high-fat food were commonly reported. Changes in food preference often shifted toward healthier choices, with reduced cravings for sweet and fat and increased intake of fruits and vegetables. However, these changes were not always sustained over time. Potential mechanisms also mentioned which involve hormonal changes, neurobiological adaptations in brain reward system, and inflammatory responses. Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that bariatric procedures lead to significant changes in taste perception and food preference, which may play a critical role in supporting the long-term maintenance of weight loss after bariatric surgery. Future research should include extended follow-up and investigate the mechanism behind this change to better understand the long-term effect of taste alteration and dietary changes.