Influence of G6PD Enzyme Activity on Hematological and Clinical Parameters in Jazan Region

Abstract

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a common enzymatic disorder, particularly prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions. In Saudi Arabia’s Jazan region, the high prevalence of G6PD deficiency presents an important opportunity for in-depth clinical and hematological assessment. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influence of G6PD enzyme activity on hematological and biochemical parameters among individuals in Jazan. It further sought to evaluate the distribution of G6PD activity levels across different demographic groups and to examine the association between specific clinical features and laboratory findings. Methods: A multicenter, retrospective, and case-control study was conducted involving 802 participants categorized as G6PD deficient, G6PD partial, and G6PD normal. Data collection includes demographic collection, complete blood count (CBC), biochemical markers, and quantitative G6PD enzyme assay. Pearson’s correlation and appropriate statistical analyses were applied to identify significant associations. Result: A statistically significant difference in G6PD activity was found among the cohorts (p < 0.001) across all groups. Additionally, significant distributions in age, sex, and nationality were reported. Notable differences were observed in specific hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as in certain liver and kidney biomarkers. Interestingly, correlation analyses revealed a similar pattern between the G6PD deficiency and normal groups in terms of hematological and hemolytic markers. Conclusion: This study comprehensively evaluates the influence of G6PD enzyme activity on hematological and biochemical parameters among individuals from the Jazan region. Findings highlight the need for expanded screening programs, public awareness initiatives, and targeted genetic research, particularly in regions such as Jazan, where G6PD prevalence is high. Understanding the complex clinical presentation associated with different levels of G6PD activity will aid in optimizing management strategies for affected individuals