.PROJECT Two: The challenges and opportunities of the New Automated Vehicle Act 2024 In the UK Roads. PROJECT One:The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the Solution Challenge of the Climate Change

Abstract

PROJECT One: The 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea has provided a comprehensive legal framework over a long period of time. According to Part XII, all States Parties are obliged to protect the marine environment and prevent any damage. In connection with climate change and its effects on the oceans. It has been recognized that the cause of climate change lies partly in greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, measurements are required in all states. This project highlights the issue of climate change and the obligations of coastal and non-coastal States under UNCLOS 1982, as well as the obligations in high seas. In addition, the IMO's approach in reducing carbon emissions from ships. Whereby concluded that the IMO's approach, with the support of the LOSC, is successful in the jurisdiction of coastal States in both the territorial waters and the EEZ. However, the solution to reducing greenhouse gases on the high seas is very narrow and requires strong measures. In addition, it has been suggested that the BBNJ agreement represents hope for a solution to the problem of climate change in the ocean within the framework of UNCLOS.

PROJECT Two: The automated vehicle is an essential goal for the future development of driving system in the world. Regulating AV would ensure both safety and better use on the roads. The UK has introduced two legal frameworks for the use of the AV, the first relating to legal liability for use of the AV and the second relating to the legal obligation of the AV. This project looks at the new Automated Vehicles Act 2024 and his impact, with a particular focus on the NUIC operator and the use of AV for passenger transport under the new act on UK roads. And highlighted the approach of the two jurisdictions, the US and the UK. Which conclude that the act is a comprehensive as well as the liability system. However, there is a need for detailed information on secondary legalization, included suitable guidance from both operational and legal perspectives.