Characterization of the environmental exposome in relation to health: Visualization of potential risk from pollutants to particle matter

Abstract

The issue of environmental pollution that is in relation to health becomes an inevitable outcome with the growth of industrial activities. Chronic diseases and non-communicable diseases cause a burden of health and demand action plans for early detection and preventive strategies following the impact of pollution and its risk on community and global health. Risk assessment and management strategies play a critical role in the control of disease and quality of health. Several factors regarding the impact of air pollution on health complications and risk evaluation are of high interest regarding the different types of chronic health conditions of citizens, stress, geographical location, and industrialization scale. Risk assessment and evaluation is the main tool to identify the impact of air pollution on health. Such pollution is probably caused by heavy metals spread in air and the different sizes of nanoparticles. There is a poor understanding of the relationship between environmental determinants and genetic factors leading to the chronic diseases and mental disorders when people are exposed to toxic agents during manufacturing, , transport, storage, use, or waste treatment. Solid pollution particles, represented as ambient particulate matter: PM2.5 (fine inhalable particles with diameters of 2.5 micrometers and smaller) and PM10 (inhalable particles with diameters of 10 micrometers and smaller) are silent killers as, in addition to their respiratory effects, they can pass through lungs and into the bloodstream causing systemic effects, including oxidative stress, altered synaptic transmission, and mitochondria dysfunction in the brain. Potential risks increase health costs associated with bad sequelae of respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and mental disorders like Alzheimer’s disease in the elderly and autism in children. Despite their small size, the particles are of a relative heavy weight. The present work intends to characterize the environmental threats leading to health complications via a risk assessment of air pollution to nanoparticle handling with variable factors, such as the type of pollution milieu, the duration, and the dose. A multi-omics strategy will be used to determine if environmental stress or threats cause health complications following exposure of heavy metal nanoparticles. Health risk assessments of air pollution are being conducted using geographical scale and data requirements. This thesis explores the conceptual framework covering genomics to phenotyping in health. Risk evaluation regarding pollutants of considerable sample size could facilitate better criteria that reflect understanding of health and prevent citizens from harmful lifelong exposures from polluted environmental and occupational sites, ultimately leading to improved public health. We conclude from our results that this research could be utilized to recognize high-hazard zones where the effectiveness of screening could be evaluated. By recognizing that individuals have lived in high-hazard spaces of exposure for wide timeframes, we can focus on the danger populations in order to identify any expansion in disease location if it exists. This research inspected toxic air exposures. Air-contaminating sources situated close to the investigation places could be a huge opportunity for future research. Then, the total exposures made from openly accessible information sources could be extended to consolidate more years, extra layers, or bigger geographic spaces of study. The methodology of this work could be utilized to decide the hazard of synthetic exposures related with other diseases to recognize populaces in danger.