an evidence based review of FODMAP classification and presentation of different outcomeslow FODMAP diet in management of irritable bowel syndrome

Abstract

Background Restriction of fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) is considered a beneficial dietary therapy for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Numerous published studies emphasise the effectiveness of FODMAP restriction; however, few papers have included FODMAP content analysis. The aim of this paper is therefore to present available data of a high, low, and modified FODMAP diet categorization and their outcomes. Method A complete literature review was conducted using online databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Results Several researches have analysed low and modified FODMAP diets including baseline ‘traditional diet’ and their content. The mean total FODMAP content for the traditional diet was 22.47 g/day, low 11.62 g / day and 21.3 for modified FODMAP diet. Although strict low FODMAP restrictions improved IBS symptoms, modified levels of FODMAP restrictions achieved similar results. Current practice suggests implementation of personalized FODMAP diet approach, which includes three stages of FODMAP restriction, reintroduction and personalized diet. Conclusion Low FODMAP diet is effective dietary therapy for IBS; however, implementing customized FODMAP restriction, which is a lower level of FODMAP restriction, could result in similar outcomes of IBS symptoms’ control. Further research is needed to respond to the unanswered question: which degree of restriction is needed?