Effectiveness of Smartphone Applications in Improving Self-Management of Type Two Diabetes Mellites in Adults .

Abstract

Background: Type two diabetes mellitus has become a global health crisis, affecting almost 462 million individuals, with rising costs and complications. Self-management is crucial for controlling T2DM, yet it often places a considerable burden on patients. As a solution, smartphone apps provide practical tools for disease management. Given the evolution of technology and limitations in previous research, including limited findings of primary studies, a comprehensive systematic review is required to assess the effectiveness of these apps in T2DM self-management. Aims: This systematised literature review aims at exploring the effectiveness of smartphone applications, compared to standard car, in improving self-management of type two diabetes mellites in adults. Methods: After formulating a research question, using the PICO framework, the researcher conducted a detailed search strategy through databases like PubMed and Google Scholar. Eligible studies were selected based on predefined criteria, and their quality assessed with Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Relevant data were extracted, and a narrative synthesis of the findings was performed. Results: This review assessed ten randomised controlled trials, conducted in eight different countries, exploring smartphone apps for type 2 diabetes management. Studies revealed that apps can significantly improve glycaemic control, patient self-management, and medication adherence. However, their effectiveness varied based on factors like user engagement, personalised features, and individual characteristics, necessitating further research. Conclusion: Smartphone apps for diabetes have the potential to enhance self-management and medication adherence but should be tailored to individual needs. Implications include guiding health policies for diabetes management, improving digital health literacy, and calling for further research, including randomised controlled trials, to understand better the role of these interventions in diabetes management.