Development of 3D-Printed Intrinsic Material-Based Intraoral Devices for Dehydration-Triggered Xerostomia Relief

Abstract

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, remains a prevalent condition with limited therapeutic options. Current strategies, including saliva substitutes and systemic sialagogues, often provide inconsistent or transient relief and are associated with adherence challenges or adverse effects. This dissertation explores a materials-based approach, investigating alginate hydrogels as intrinsic, moisture-responsive candidates for intraoral devices capable of dehydration-triggered actuation. Alginate and alginate/PEG formulations were prepared and tested for shrinkage kinetics, weight and area changes, and morphological alterations under controlled dehydration. A pilot experiment quantified contraction force using a custom-built load cell system, while 3D printing trials, including the FRESH method, assessed the feasibility of fabricating free-standing constructs. Results demonstrated substantial dehydration-induced shrinkage (~70% volume loss within 30 minutes), measurable tensile force generation, and successful though variable printability. Collectively, these findings provide proof-of-concept evidence that alginate-based systems may serve as passive, moisture-responsive platforms for on-demand drug delivery in xerostomia management. Further optimisation and translational studies are required to establish clinical viability.