An Evaluation of the Transformation of the Public Libraries in Saudi Arabia – Focusing on their Services, Staff, and Patrons.

Abstract

Background. Saudi Vision 2030 prioritizes rethinking public libraries as vibrant cultural, learning, and digital engagement centers from passive repository spaces. While flagship centers such as Ithra Library and King Fahad National Library are upgraded, there is minimal empirical work that explores how reforms are experienced by users and workers, particularly in community and regional centers. Aims. The research assesses the effect of Vision 2030 reforms on Saudi public libraries in terms of services, staff role, and user interaction, and measures alignment with cultural and educational goals. Methods. A mixed-methods approach combined a bilingual online user survey (n = 54) with a managerial survey of three senior library system leaders. Saudi public libraries were purposely selected to include flagship, regional, and community libraries. Quantitative data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, whereas qualitative responses were analyzed thematically using Institutional Change Theory and Public Sphere Theory. Results. User responses revealed high reliance on legacy services (book lending 20.83%), followed by study/group rooms (13.89%) and digital services (12.5%). Low attendance at cultural events was reported (43% fewer than three times yearly; 28% never). Positive individual and social impact was realized by 50% of the respondents; 83% of the respondents valued staff support. Managerial data corroborated core service stability, cultural programming increase, and high staff development, but commented on uneven innovation facilities and low digital literacy programs. Conclusions. Vision 2030 has broadened the social role of Saudi public libraries through hybrid service models. To maintain momentum, national coordination, investment in rural infrastructure, and further outreach—most critically for innovation and digital competencies—are necessary.