The Challenges Facing Women in Mixed-Gender Environments in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

This thesis examines the challenges Saudi women face in mixed-gender workplaces in Riyadh, particularly in the context of the Vision 2030 reforms, which aim to empower women in Saudi society. Utilising an interpretive and constructivist approach, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain insights into women’s experiences, in a qualitative case study design. Central to the research are the themes of religious and ethical challenges, and social challenges. A significant finding is the impact of the Saudi ulama's interpretation of Sharia, especially through fatwas, on women working in mixed-gender environments. Post-Vision 2030, there is a notable shift towards more personal discretion in applying religious guidelines on issues like ikhtilat and khilwa, suggesting changes in the interplay between Sharia and state labour policies. The study also brings to light the issue of workplace harassment, mainly caused by power imbalances and exacerbated by societal attitudes and Sharia misunderstandings. Moreover, the research uncovers the roles of persistent societal and family pressures, shaped by traditional patriarchal and emergent neo-patriarchal beliefs, in influencing women's career choices. The research concludes that despite progress towards more egalitarian norms, substantial efforts are required to fully empower women in the Saudi workforce. It calls for systematic reforms and a balanced approach that respects cultural traditions while advocating for legal and attitudinal changes. This study advocates for empowering Saudi women, urging a renewal of Sharia discourse, particularly regarding women's issues, and balancing modern roles with cultural traditions. This research contributes valuable insights into women's roles in Saudi mixed-gender environment during this period of significant national change, underscoring the importance of continued efforts to foster a supportive and inclusive work environment. The findings provide a foundation for future research and dialogue, aiming to enhance understanding and support Saudi women's integration into the mixed-gender environment.