Occupational Insecurity and Extra Role Behavior as Predictors of Flourishing Among Expatriate Nurses in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: The nursing profession faces numerous challenges, particularly for expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia, due to low occupational insecurity and cultural adaptation. Occupational insecurity among expatriate nurses has been linked to psychological distress and decreased engagement in extra-role behaviors (ERBs), which negatively impact the quality of their healthcare delivery and their flourishing. Flourishing, a holistic state of well-being, is critical for optimal performance and resilience in demanding healthcare environments. Aim: This study aimed to examine the predictive role of occupational insecurity and extra-role behaviors on the flourishing of expatriate nurses in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational study design was employed. 135 expatriate nurses working in five large government hospitals in Saudi Arabia were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using validated instruments: the Job Insecurity Scale (JIS), the Flourishing Scale, and the Extra-role Behaviors (ERBs) Scale. Descriptive statistical analysis, Pearson correlation test, independent t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: Overall, 135 nurses participated in the study, with a mean age of 35.79 years (SD = 6.79). Participants reported a moderate level of occupational insecurity (M = 19.59). ERBs were rated relatively high (M = 30.94), while flourishing was generally low (M = 17.22). A strong positive correlation was found between flourishing and occupational insecurity (r = 0.918, p < 0.001). Occupational insecurity was a significant positive predictor of flourishing (β = 0.914, p < 0.001, R² = 0.843). Conclusion and Implications: This study highlights the significant role of occupational insecurity in shaping expatriate nurses’ flourishing in Saudi Arabia. Findings underscore the need for policy and organizational reforms to promote job stability, gender-sensitive strategies, and voluntary engagement, thereby supporting the well-being, resilience, and retention of the expatriate nursing workforce.

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