Exploring Organisational Culture Factors that Shape Patient Safety Culture in a Public Tertiary Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

The study focuses on identifying the key organizational culture factors that influence patient safety culture within a public tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. Using Hofstede's cultural dimensions as a guiding framework, the study examines factors which include power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term vs. short-term orientation, and indulgence vs. restraint. Research Aim and Objectives This study aims to examine how cultural factors, as outlined by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, influence healthcare practices and behaviors, with a focus on improving patient safety. The research objectives are to identify the key cultural elements that shape patient safety culture, analyze their impact on safety practices, and assess how these cultural factors affect healthcare practitioners' attitudes and behaviors. Ultimately, the study seeks to provide insights that can inform the development of tailored policies and interventions, designed to enhance patient safety within the context of the Saudi healthcare system.

Methodology This research uses a qualitative case study approach to examine organizational culture factors affecting patient safety in a Saudi hospital. Data was collected through open-ended questionnaires from healthcare practitioners, analyzed using thematic analysis, and guided by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions framework to identify key cultural influences on patient safety.

Key Findings The study identifies several organizational culture factors that affect patient safety culture in the hospital. A high-power distance culture hampers open communication, with staff fearing retaliation for reporting safety errors and concerns. The research also reveals a tension between individual blame and collective responsibility, with a blame culture undermining patient safety. Resistance to change, particularly in adopting new safety procedures, was noted, though some acceptance occurred over time. Additionally, staff well-being, including stress and burnout, was found to reduce vigilance, and short-term financial concerns hindered the allocation of resources for long-term patient safety initiatives.