An Exploratory Study into the Perceptions of Multidisciplinary Team Members on the Role of Occupational Therapy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background/Aim: Occupational therapy (OT) is a client-centred healthcare delivery within multidisciplinary teams (MDTs), aiming to enhance individuals' quality of life. Despite its significance, the integration of OT services within the healthcare framework of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia remains relatively nascent. Effective collaboration within MDTs hinge upon a comprehensive understanding of each member's role. Consequently, this study endeavours to explore the perceptions held by Saudi Arabian MDT members regarding the role of OTs within the healthcare system of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods: Employing an exploratory-descriptive qualitative design, the study conducted six online semi-structured interviews with professionals from diverse disciplines, including medicine, physiotherapy, speech therapy, nursing, and psychology. Participants were purposively recruited from a WhatsApp group. Audio recordings were transcribed using Zoom software and subsequently verified and refined by the researcher. Thematic analysis, facilitated by NVivo, was employed to discern prevalent themes. Findings: Three principal themes emerged: (1) Saudi MDT members' perceptions of the domain and process of OT, (2) collaborative roles and interdisciplinary dynamics with OT in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and (3) future perspectives and recommendations for OT practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The findings implied adequate understanding among participants regarding the role of OT in patient care. Nevertheless, certain areas, notably mental health, were identified as warranting heightened awareness. Concerns regarding role overlap between OT and other MDT professions and a perceived limitation in medical professionals' comprehension of OT were highlighted by the participants. Direct communication with OTs was considered the most efficacious source of information about the profession. Conclusion: The study underscores the exigency for an increased influx of OTs, particularly those specialising in sub-domains. Furthermore, it advocates for sustained efforts by OTs not only to delineate their professional identity but also to actively spread awareness about their profession, thereby optimising client outcomes.