Systematic Review of Asthma Exacerbations Impact on Children’s Quality of Life in Low-Income Countries and Lower-Middle-Income Countries

Abstract

Background: Asthma is a major cause of morbidity and disability in children, especially in low-income countries and lower-middle-income countries (LICs and LMICs). This systematic review evaluates the impact of asthma exacerbations on the quality of life (QoL) of children and adolescents in LICs and LMICs.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in major medical databases, including PubMed, Medline, Embase, Global Health, and Cochrane Library. Studies involving children and adolescents aged 0-18 years residing in LICs and LMICs were included. The review considered a range of study designs, including cross-sectional studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the relevant Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists.

Results: The review found seven relevant studies. The cross-sectional studies showed that poorly controlled asthma and frequent exacerbations have a significant negative impact on various aspects of children's QoL, including physical functioning, emotional well-being, and social interactions. The narrative review and meta-analysis supported these findings, emphasizing the considerable burden of asthma on the overall well-being of children in low-resource settings. The randomized controlled trial provided evidence that targeted interventions, such as comprehensive asthma education and management programs, have the potential to improve the QoL of affected children.

Conclusions: This systematic review emphasizes the significant negative impact of asthma exacerbations on the quality of life of children in LICs and LMICs. Factors such as socioeconomic status, access to healthcare, and environmental exposures were identified as key determinants of the QoL in this population. The findings emphasize the urgent need for interventions and policies to address the challenges faced by children with asthma in LICs and LMICs and improve their overall well-being.