Barriers and Facilitators in Prehospital Pain Management: A Narrative Review

Abstract

This study aimed to explore the perceived barriers and facilitators in administering pain medications among prehospital care providers, focusing on paramedics, EMTs, nurses, and physicians. The objective was to identify common barriers and to examine factors that enhance pain management in prehospital settings. A narrative review method was employed, synthesizing existing literature and focusing on studies published within the last ten years. The review identified several key barriers, including educational and knowledge gaps, systemic and protocol limitations, cultural and attitudinal factors, technical and environmental challenges, and racial and ethnic disparities. Facilitators included continuous education and training, standardized clinical practice guidelines, effective communication, mentorship, and cultural competency training. The findings highlight the importance of addressing educational deficiencies, improving systemic protocols, and fostering a supportive and culturally competent environment to enhance pain management practices. Continuous education, standardized guidelines, and effective communication are essential to overcoming identified barriers and ensuring equitable and effective pain management for all patients.