(Apatite glass-ceramic based Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART

Abstract

Introduction: The minimally invasive approach of Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) has increased popularity in modernised world and is not only restricted to developing countries. Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is the material of choice for ART due to its biocompatibility and therapeutic properties. There have been many modification efforts to enhance GIC material mechanical properties whilst incorporating apatite, however the aesthetics were compromised. The aim of this project is to develop GIC material to be used in ART using glass-ceramic powder that contains fluorapatite nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: A Fluro-alumina-silicate glass (code named LG99) was developed. The glass was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS- NMR) and X-Ray powder Diffraction (XRD). Multiple heat treatment temperature was investigated (Tg+10, Tg+20, Tg+30, Tg+40, Tg+50, Tg+60, Tg+70 and Tg+80). The cement formation was made from three different groups of glass (non heat-treated, heat-treated at Tg+50 and heat-treated at Tg+80). The compressive strength and fluoride release of each group were tested. MAS-NMR analysis was carried out on crushed cement powder. Results: The DSC traces of the multiple heat treatment glass showed an indication of amorphous phase separation taking place in the glass transition region between (Tg+20: Tg+70). The cement groups of glass (heat-treated at Tg+50 and heat-treated at Tg+80) demonstrated increase in apatite formation in MAS-NMR traces. 1 Conclusion: LG99 glass was capable of generating cement that with further development can be used as an ART material in clinical application where it can benefit from the therapeutic effect of the restoration in a minimally invasive approach.