A review of the literature on road traffic measures and head/spinal injury in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.
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Abstract
This study covers the RTA “Road Traffic Accident” and safety measure in EMR region. The
countries involve under analysis are Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jorden, Kuwait, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia,
Tunisia, Libya, Lebanon, Oman, Sudan and UAE. The main focal point in the study is to find the
number of spinal and Head injuries seen across the RTA reports and research publications using PubMed search Engine. Many researchers had measured the death rate due to spinal or
head injuries in RTA from different countries of EMR Region with categorized by either Middle
or High Income. The literature articles are selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria with
AND/OR operation with PICO Framework being used to identified the relevant and highly correlated research work. The strategy to find the answerable questionnaire PICO scheme is used
with prevention elements where risk factor of spinal/ head injuries in EMR’s countries either reduced or enhance in last decade. Multiple WHO Reports from 2009 to 2020 being part of study
to provide baseline for the compilations of results and data analysis section of the study. Various age group with death rates being measured in terms of their mean age group and the results indicated that mostly drivers got injured with head injuries due to over speed and the countries with middle income like Iran and Pakistan despite their high population has increased their
rate of vehicles from last few years therefore the rate of road accidents was also increased with
same rate. The most common head and spinal injuries were seen in the motor bike riders from
the middle-income countries such as Iran and Pakistan. The study also showed that child driving is not unusual, which requires monitoring and implementation. Improved restraint documentation and police enforcement of security legislation can play an important role in the reduction
of connected injuries. The outcomes of the study underline the necessity of combination or rear
seating and of suitable age restraint to lower the probability of head and face injuries in youngsters. However, this retrospective study based on electronic search method to locate patients in
the Kingdom selected areas and most of the cases haven’t reported properly. The data for certain factors such as vehicle maintenance age, and other related factors was missing. The analysis was also limited to those admitted to the hospital