Women’s Experiences of Their Health and Well-Being Following Caesarean Section: A Qualitative Systematic Review

Abstract

A caesarean section (CS) is an elective or emergency surgical procedure performed to birth a baby via the abdomen and uterus. International rates of caesarean section have continually increased over the last two decades. While it is often lifesaving for both the mother and the baby, the impact of CS on women’s physical and mental well- being remains a critical concern. The aim of this systematic review was to thematically synthesis qualitative literature on the post-CS experiences of women, focusing on their health and well-being. Using a qualitative evidence synthesis approach, the review includes studies conducted in middle- to high-income countries, offering insights into the recovery journey of women post-CS. The findings reveal that women often face significant physical challenges, including prolonged pain, restricted mobility, and delayed wound healing, which impact their ability to care for their newborns and return to daily activities. Emotional and psychological issues such as postpartum depression, anxiety, and feelings of disempowerment are also prevalent, often exacerbated by inadequate support systems. Socioeconomic disparities and cultural factors further influence the quality of care and recovery outcomes. The systematic review highlights the need for integrated postnatal care models that address both physical and psychological recovery. It recommends enhanced pain management protocols, patient-centered communication, equitable healthcare access, and the incorporation of psychosocial support as part of routine care. These insights can inform healthcare practices, policies, and future research to improve maternal outcomes following caesarean birth.