Factors influencing healthcare workers’ adherence to infection prevention and control in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) practices are crucial in reducing healthcare-associated infections. Despite their importance, adherence among healthcare workers (HCWs) remains suboptimal. In Saudi Arabia, IPC research has increased especially post-COVID-19. However, research on understanding factors influencing adherence, particularly in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) and medical wards, is limited. Objective: This study aimed to explore factors affecting adherence to IPC practices among HCWs in ICUs and medical wards in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A multi-method qualitative approach was employed across three phases in two Saudi hospitals: • Phase 1: Conducted a qualitative systematic review to identify factors influencing IPC adherence among HCWs in Middle Eastern countries. • Phase 2: Held focus groups with infection control team members (n=8) to gather insights on IPC practices and adherence challenges. • Phase 3: Performed semi-structured interviews with HCWs (n=20) from ICUs and medical wards to explore barriers and facilitators of IPC adherence. Findings: The study identified both individual and organizational factors impacting IPC adherence: • Individual Factors: Moral principles, ethical beliefs, cultural habits, knowledge, and awareness of HCWs influenced IPC adherence. • Organisational Factors: Challenges included leadership deficits, training gaps, environmental constraints, organisational culture, and department-specific issues related to patient acuity. Conclusion: Enhancing IPC adherence requires organisational support, effective monitoring strategies, and culturally sensitive IPC policies. Engaging families in IPC practices, fostering a supportive work environment, and addressing staffing and environmental issues are important. Future research should focus on culturally tailored IPC interventions, family involvement in IPC education, and comparative studies across various healthcare settings and disciplines to improve overall IPC adherence.