Cardiac 31P Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy review is it ready to be a routine assessment tool?

Abstract

cardiac P magnetic resonance spectroscopy is a technique that uses the magnetic resonance spectroscopy of phosphorus nuclei which involved in several molecules of the cardiac metabolites. it is introduced to be a non-invasive tool to investigate the cardiac energetic system and the correlation between cardiac diseases and cardiac metabolism variations as well. however, P MRS has many limitations and challenges to make it applicable due to several reasons but mainly due to the low nuclear magnetic resonance sensitivity of the phosphorus nuclei. In the last decades, the advancements of MR technology were used to improve the cardiac P MRS quality, which led to achieving significant results. this review outlines the cardiac P MRS developments that have been achieved and the limitations that prevent it to be a routine assessment tool for cardiac health.