Exploring the Challenges and Opportunities Involved in Increasing Physical Activity among Children and Young People in Saudi Arabian Schools

Abstract

Background: The growing global burden of noncommunicable diseases, exacerbated by insufficient physical activity (PA), is a significant health issue in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Cultural and environmental factors limit opportunities for PA, especially among school children in urban areas.

Aim: This study explores the challenges and opportunities for school-based PA to inform future interventions among schoolboys aged 13 to 15 years in KSA. Methods: Systematic reviews assessed international and Arabic country-specific evidence for school-based PA interventions. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 16 school staff, seven parents and workshops with 37 students in two contrasting schools one private and one public sector in Jeddah City, KSA. Follow-up interviews were conducted with a total of nine school staff members at both schools.

Results: Review evidence identified promising interventions for increasing PA in schools including The Daily Mile, active breaks, active desks, and multi-component programmes. In Arabic countries, interventions focusing on PA, nutrition, and education showed potential to increase PA and decrease BMI. Primary research revealed that PA among adolescents is influenced by multiple factors. Individual-level motivators included enjoyment, competition, and health benefits, while barriers comprised academic pressures and sedentary preferences. Interpersonally, variable support from parents, friends, and teachers impacted PA levels. Organisationally, the school environment, facilities, and policies affected PA availability. Community-level insights indicated broader societal and policy interventions, including adapting international programmes to local contexts.

Conclusion: This study underscores the need for a multi-dimensional approach to enhance PA among adolescents in Jeddah. Stakeholders should pilot and adapt effective international PA interventions, address school resource disparities, increase PA time in the curriculum, and enhance parental awareness about PA’s importance. These measures are crucial for creating an environment that supports PA to improve public health and enhance youth well-being in KSA.