Transrectal Ultrasound guided biopsies of prostate for the detection of prostate cancer: outcomes and complications

Abstract

Objective: To report clinical outcomes and complications of prostate biopsies guided by transrectal ultrasound for cancer detection. In addition to reporting the predictive value of clinical features for a negative biopsy for patients with elevated (PSA) levels across various age cohorts. Methods: This was a prospective study. Between 1st of January and 30th of June 2021, 200 individuals had transrectal ultrasound-guided or transperineal prostate biopsies. Patient characteristics (age, PSA level) were recorded through medical records. We also determined whether biopsy samples were cancerous or benign, their complications, and treatments. 186 patients with complete data were included. 14 patients with incomplete data were excluded. In addition, reported the predictive value by using a nomogram for a negative biopsy for patients with elevated (PSA) levels across various age cohorts. Results: 186 transrectal ultrasound-guided and transperineal (TP)biopsies were performed. There were 116 positive biopsy (cancers) (80.55%) in transrectal group and 35 (83.33%) in transperineal group. There were 28 negative biopsy (benign) (19.4%) in transrectal group and 7(16.66%) in transperineal group. Age differences between the groups were not statistically significant. PSA testing showed a significant difference (p value 0.01). There 9 cases where complications were recorded. There were 8 (5.55%) cases where complications were recorded in transrectal group and 9 (21.42%) in transperineal group. The prediction by a nomogram and assessment studies also reveals that predicting a benign biopsy is difficult when PSA levels reach 4 across all the age groups. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the results of prostate biopsies (PB) showed good detection rate for cancers. The results revealed that the number of biopsy complications is generally low and that TRUS may be safer than TP. In addition, the findings from the prediction by a nomogram and assessment analyses suggest that nomogram accurately predicted benign results when PSA was less than 4.