Bisphenol A in Resin Based Dental Materials-Existence and Leakage- A systematic review

Abstract

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an organic synthesised chemical element and rated as a high-volume chemical material widely employed in various products since the 1950s. It is mainly utilised in epoxy resins, polycarbonate plastics, and as an additive in polyvinyl chloride plastics. Also utilised in polymer-based dental materials making dental treatment a potential route of BPA human exposure.

Objectives of this review: This review aims to explore the current evidence about BPA elution and systemic human exposure from polymer-based dental materials during dental treatment.

Methodology: An electronic search conducted in different scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus and electronic trials portals. Additionally, search attempted in related references. Consequently, following eligibility assessment, five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review, as they were human clinical studies, evaluated urine BPA (uBPA) concentrations before and after dental treatment with polymer-based dental materials and were published in English between 2011 and 2021.

Results: Included trials had low to moderate risk of bias; also, included a total of 324 patients from both genders with age ranging from 3 to approximately 44 years and received dental treatments with dental composite fillings and resin-based orthodontics adhesives. Follow-up duration varied among studies; still, observation of uBPA levels following dental treatment revealed 37% (211 patients) increase after 30 minutes to one hour, 82.6% (324 patients) after one day, 92.4% (62 patients) after one week, and 74.8% (42 patients) after one month.

Conclusion: Significant increase in the uBPA levels especially with a more extended follow-up period up to a month after resin-based dental material treatment was noticed. Results reliability and validity were affected by the risk of bias in the included studies indicating the need for more well-controlled studies with a long-term follow-up and standardised BPA exposure assessment criteria.