A Case Study of Saudi Arabia’s Counterterrorism Efforts

Abstract

This “study” titled, “A Case Study of Saudi Arabia’s Counterterrorism Efforts” examines the counter-terrorism measures that have been implemented by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in particular since the attacks of September 11, 2001, which greatly altered the trajectory of the kingdom regarding terrorism. The research design for this study was that of a scoping review, purposed to allow an in-depth and transparent review of existing literature on Saudi Arabian counterterrorism. In this respect, the study identifies and categorizes relevant themes relating to hard and soft measures; historical and ideological frameworks; and institutional strategies. While hard measures entail military operations and severe law enforcement activities, soft measures consist of ideological re-education, counter-radicalization, and public outreach programs that attempt to address the root causes of radicalization. The dissertation highlights the double bind that Saudi Arabia faces: on one hand, the deeply ingrained influence of Wahhabi ideology, thwarting efforts to genuinely confront extremism, and criticism over human rights abuses, especially its use of broad counterterrorism laws that could be used to suppress political dissent. It also investigates the impact of international cooperation on improving Saudi Arabian counterterrorism efforts, despite controversies and setbacks imposed by its historic relationship with jihadist groups. The results show that Saudi Arabia has made great strides in taking down terrorist networks; the long-term effectiveness of its counterterrorism policy will depend on whether it can balance rigid and flexible approaches, address the ideological and socio-economic roots of terrorism, and navigate the complex nexus between security and human rights concerns. Recommendations to help Saudi Arabia strengthen its counterterrorism efforts through improvements in soft measures, consolidating international cooperation, and better weighing of human rights and security concerns conclude the dissertation.