Unraveling the Dynamic Interplay: Myelin's Crucial Role in Axonal Conduction Velocity, Axon-Glial Interactions, Plasticity, and Implications in Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract

The Myelin is a lipid rich material formed from a multiple glial cell membranes that eventually fuses to form the myelin sheath around the nerve cell axon. The glial cells responsible for investing the neurons axons with myelin sheath are the Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in the Central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS), respectively. The myelin is a unique membrane with special molecular composition and architecture, it performs a dramatical function in signals conduction, and provides a trophical and physical support to the neurons. Due to the wide range of research in myelin sheaths, in this essay will emphasize in the role of myelin in nerve conduction velocity, detail of axon-glial interaction, evidence of myelin role in nerve plasticity and the role of myelin in multiple sclerosis.